An Update on Epstein-Barr Virus and Nasopharyngeal Carcinogenesis

Perez-Ordoñez, Bayardo

doi:10.1007/s12105-007-0020-7

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…This supports the idea that EBV infection is involved in an early stage of NPC carcinogenesis [10]. Molecular abnormalities in NPCs are complex and include inactivation of RASSF1A and p16 tumour suppressor genes on 3p21 and 9p21 chromosomal regions by homologous deletion and promoter methylation during low-grade dysplasia stages.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…In EBV-associated carcinogenesis, the virus infects B lymphocytes through binding of the major envelope glycoprotein gp350 to the B cell CD21 receptor and binding of a second glycoprotein, gp42, to MHC class II molecules as a co-receptor [10]. The transformation of EBV viral particles [Epstein-Barr nuclear antigens (EBNAs), latent membrane proteins (LMPs) and Epstein-Barr virus-encoded small RNA (EBERs)] from B cells into latently infected lymphoblastoid cell lines, both in lytic and latent cycles, ultimately affects host genome regulation causing dysregulation of apoptosis, genetic instability, and constant proliferation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has also been suggested that EBV enters nasopharyngeal cells through IgA-mediated endocytosis. Because the EBV genome is monoclonal in nature, EBV infection occurs before clonal expansion of the malignant cells [10,41]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inactivation of TSCL1, EDNRB, and death-associated protein kinase genes via promoter methylation is also frequently observed. Gene expression profiling showed dysregulation of PI3K/Akt, Wnt/β-catenin, TGF-8, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathways in NPC with upregulation of NF-k82, survivin, and Bcl-2, nuclear accumulation of β-catenin, and dysregulation of integrins [10]. Almost all EBV genes are expressed in the active phase of infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of infectious agents in the carcinogenesis of brain and head and neck cancers

Alibek

Kakpenova

Baiken

2013

Infect Agents Cancer

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This review concentrates on tumours that are anatomically localised in head and neck regions. Brain cancers and head and neck cancers together account for more than 873,000 cases annually worldwide, with an increasing incidence each year. With poor survival rates at late stages, brain and head and neck cancers represent serious conditions. Carcinogenesis is a multi-step process and the role of infectious agents in this progression has not been fully identified. A major problem with such research is that the role of many infectious agents may be underestimated due to the lack of or inconsistency in experimental data obtained globally. In the case of brain cancer, no infection has been accepted as directly oncogenic, although a number of viruses and parasites are associated with the malignancy. Our analysis of the literature showed the presence of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) in distinct types of brain tumour, namely glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and medulloblastoma. In particular, there are reports of viral protein in up to 100% of GBM specimens. Several epidemiological studies reported associations of brain cancer and toxoplasmosis seropositivity. In head and neck cancers, there is a distinct correlation between Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Considering that almost every undifferentiated NPC is EBV-positive, virus titer levels can be measured to screen high-risk populations. In addition there is an apparent association between human papilloma virus (HPV) and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC); specifically, 26% of HNSCCs are positive for HPV. HPV type 16 was the most common type detected in HNSCCs (90%) and its dominance is even greater than that reported in cervical carcinoma. Although there are many studies showing an association of infectious agents with cancer, with various levels of involvement and either a direct or indirect causative effect, there is a scarcity of articles covering the role of infection in carcinogenesis of brain and head and neck cancers. We review recent studies on the infectious origin of these cancers and present our current understanding of carcinogenic mechanisms, thereby providing possible novel approaches to cancer treatment.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of infectious agents in the carcinogenesis of brain and head and neck cancers

Alibek

Kakpenova

Baiken

2013

Infect Agents Cancer

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“…The result includes dysregulation of apoptosis, genetic instability, and constant proliferation [11,12]. These effects can be seen in when the virus is in both lytic and latent cycles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implication of human herpesviruses in oncogenesis through immune evasion and supression

Alibek

Baiken

Kakpenova

et al. 2014

Infect Agents Cancer

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All human herpesviruses (HHVs) have been implicated in immune system evasion and suppression. Moreover, two HHV family members, i.e. EBV and KSHV, are recognised as oncogenic viruses. Our literature review summarises additional examples of possible oncogenic mechanisms that have been attributed to other HHVs. In general, HHVs affect almost every cancer-implicated branch of the immune system, namely tumour-promoting inflammation, immune evasion, and immunosuppression. Some HHVs accomplish these effects by inhibiting apoptotic pathways and by promoting proliferation. Mechanisms related to immunosupression and low grade chronic inflammation could eventually result in the initiation and progression of cancer. In this article we open a discussion on the members of Herpesviridae, their immune evasion and suppression mechanisms, and their possible role in cancer development. We conclude that discerning the mechanisms of interplay between HHV, immune system, and cancer is essential for the development of novel preventative and therapeutic approaches for cancer treatment and prophylaxis.

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Sex difference in the incidence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Hong Kong 1983–2008: Suggestion of a potential protective role of oestrogen

Xie

Tse

et al. 2013

European Journal of Cancer

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An Update on Epstein-Barr Virus and Nasopharyngeal Carcinogenesis

Cited by 10 publications

References 34 publications

Role of infectious agents in the carcinogenesis of brain and head and neck cancers

Role of infectious agents in the carcinogenesis of brain and head and neck cancers

Implication of human herpesviruses in oncogenesis through immune evasion and supression

Sex difference in the incidence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Hong Kong 1983–2008: Suggestion of a potential protective role of oestrogen

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