An update on carbohydrases: growth performance and intestinal health of poultry

Abstract

Poultry is an imperative domesticated livestock species that provides high quality protein and micronutrients as meat and eggs. In poultry production, feed is the single major input constituting 70–75% of total production cost. Feed mainly consists of cereal grains, those provide energy to the birds. However, these grains contain different levels of anti-nutritional factors such as non-starch polysaccharides (NSP). These NSP are indigestible by poultry birds due to the lack of vital endogenous enzymes (carbohydrases) thus increase intestinal viscosity which slower the migration and absorption of nutrients. Consequently, these NSP may also increase the chances for infection by inducing competition within gut microbiota for digestible nutrients. This affects bird's health and increases the production cost. Therefore, there is a need to find efficient and effective solutions for these problems. Carbohydrases supplementation have an important role in poultry diets with high NSP contents. Feed enzymes are being used from years to enhance growth performance and digestibility but have limited activity for selective ingredients. New generation carbohydrases with a board range of activity and stability help to degrade the complex substrates and improve growth performance of poultry. Present review summarizes the updated literature on the use of carbohydrases to improve bird's performance and intestinal health.

Xylanase increased the energetic contribution of fiber and improved the oxidative status, gut barrier integrity, and growth performance of growing pigs fed insoluble corn-based fiber

“…The addition of xylanase to the diet is one strategy considered by nutritionists to mitigate the impact of NSP on pig performance. In poultry, xylanase has been consistently effective in attenuating the antinutritive effects of NSP ( Raza et al, 2019 ), but in pigs, responses are variable, particularly in corn-based diets ( Jones et al, 2015 ; Abelilla and Stein, 2019 ; Petry et al, 2019 ). The reason for these varying responses is largely unknown but may be attributed to the length of supplementation, fiber type, and concentration ( Patience and Petry, 2019 ).…”

Titration of supplemental Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis American Type Culture Collection PTA-125135 to broiler chickens fed diets of 2 different metabolizable energy concentrations

“…subtilis American Type Culture Collection PTA-125135 (PTA-125135) has recently been studied by our laboratory as a production source for β-glucanase and protease enzymes, as described in US patent 10,138,444 ( Ayangbile et al., 2017 ). Such enzymes have been studied extensively in poultry diets for effects on growth performance, feed efficiency, and intestinal health ( Cowieson and Kluenter, 2019 , Raza et al., 2019 , Yadav and Jha, 2019 ). Indeed, previously known strains of Bacillus are known to produce carbohydrase and protease enzymes ( de Boer et al., 1994 , Guan et al., 2017 ), and strains of B. subtilis and B. licheniformis are included as ingredients in Avi-Lution.…”

The Effect of Whey on Performance, Gut Health and Bone Morphology Parameters in Broiler Chicks

“…New generation carbohydrases may help in digestion of a broad range of dietary fibers with reduction of intestinal viscosity and competition between host and microbiota for SCFA in the small intestine and improve digestibility of nutrients. This enzyme activity may also reduce the loads of pathogenic microbes and improve intestinal health [33].…”