An Update and Comprehensive Review of the Posterolateral Corner of the Knee

Porrino, Jack; Sharp, John J.; Ashimolowo, Tolu; Dunham, Gregor M.

doi:10.1016/j.rcl.2018.06.006

Cited by 16 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be a useful technique to diagnose PLC injury in acute setting, but after 12 weeks from initial trauma only 26% of PLC tears are diagnosed this way [4]. Signs of PLC tears which may be observed on MRI scans are arcuate sign, which is an avulsion fracture of fibular head, avulsion or interstitial-type tear of ITB typically close to tibial attachment, BT tear close to fibula, FCL tear usually close to fibular or tibial attachment, rarely mid-substance, PLT injury usually localized on myotendinous junction [12]. It is worth noting that an abundant signal abnormality in the region of the posterior capsule is usually present in case of PLC tear [12].…”

Section: • Posterolateral Drawer Test and Posterolateral External Rotation Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Signs of PLC tears which may be observed on MRI scans are arcuate sign, which is an avulsion fracture of fibular head, avulsion or interstitial-type tear of ITB typically close to tibial attachment, BT tear close to fibula, FCL tear usually close to fibular or tibial attachment, rarely mid-substance, PLT injury usually localized on myotendinous junction [12]. It is worth noting that an abundant signal abnormality in the region of the posterior capsule is usually present in case of PLC tear [12]. Figure 2 presents injury to the PLC of the knee on sagittal MRI scan.…”

Section: • Posterolateral Drawer Test and Posterolateral External Rotation Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Injuries of the Posterolateral Corner of the Knee-Diagnosis and Treatment Options for Beginning and Advanced Arthroscopic Surgeons

Góralczyk¹,

Jancewicz²,

Hermanowicz³

2022

Arthroscopy

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Injuries to the posterolateral corner (PLC) of the knee may have a devastating impact on whole joint. Posterolateral rotatory instability, despite getting more and more popular among orthopedic surgeons, still remains challenging to diagnose and even more challenging to treat. Available surgical techniques are demanding and require advanced surgical skills. In this chapter we are going to review the diagnostic tools which help to recognize posterolateral rotatory instability of the knee, to outline its importance and consequences of misdiagnosis as well as present arthroscopic popliteus tenodesis and arthroscopic-assisted posterolateral corner reconstruction which are our minimally invasive techniques used to treat this condition depending on PLC injury pattern and grading. Presented techniques are reproducible, safe and do not require advanced surgical skills being a useful alternative for available open PLC reconstructions.

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Section: • Posterolateral Drawer Test and Posterolateral External Rotation Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: • Posterolateral Drawer Test and Posterolateral External Rotation Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Injuries of the Posterolateral Corner of the Knee-Diagnosis and Treatment Options for Beginning and Advanced Arthroscopic Surgeons

Góralczyk¹,

Jancewicz²,

Hermanowicz³

2022

Arthroscopy

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“…The slices were removed from the glass plate and covered adequately with bonded plastic lm to provide protection. 6. Photography and Observation: The slices containing PM were selected.…”

Section: P45 Sheet Plastination Technique [21]mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The popliteal muscle-tendon complex (PMTC) belongs to the deep structure of the PLC [4], which was a functional complex of the posterior lateral structure of the knee joint, playing a role in preventing external rotation of the tibia, and to counteract the effect of move backward and varus of the tibia [5]. Without timely and scienti c diagnosis and treatment after PLC injury, it could cause posterolateral instability, degeneration of articular cartilage and meniscus, and even chronic joint pain [6,7]. Previous literature on popliteus muscle (PM) has emphasized the importance of the primary posterolateral stabilizer of the knee joint [8], especially in the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) de cient knee join [9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Up to now, several studies have acclaimed the boundance of anterior cruciate ligament defects (acute or chronic) and PM system lesions [12,13]. Some studies have shown the triangular stability structure formed by the three ligaments of LCL, PT, and PFL is the main stable structure of the posterolateral in the knee joint [6,14]. So far, there were numerous studies focusing on PM [15][16][17] but few described the precise anatomy [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Internal Structural Connections in the Popliteal Muscle Tendon Complex and Their Clinical Significance

Jiang

Sun

Song

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background:The popliteal muscle-tendon complex (PMTC) belongs to the deep structure of the posterolateral complex (PLC) of human knee, which plays an important role in the posterolateral stability of the knee joint. At present, the anatomical relationship between the popliteal muscle and its adjacent structures remains controversial, especially the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) and popliteal muscle. The revealation of anatomical connection between the popliteus muscle and its deep structures could provide an anatomical basis for the reconstruction of the PLC injury.Methods: To observe and analyze the relationship between popliteal muscle and the PCL, posterior meniscofemoral ligament (PMFL), lateral meniscus and articular capsule (AC). The dissection of 7 cases of adult human knee joint fixed with formalin, and 9 cases of sagittal P45 plastinated section of the knee joint were involved in this study. Results: For the popliteal muscle, the anatomical dissection showed that at the posterior edge of the platform of the lateral condyle of the tibia, at the tendon-muscle transition, from medial to lateral, separately sent out: dense connective tissue to connect with the PCL, dense fiber bundles to connect with the PMFL, and dense connective tissue band to connect the lateral meniscus. Meanwhile, the results of the P45 section revealed that the popliteal muscle fascia ran superiorly over the posterior edge of the tibialintercondylar eminence, andturned forward to be integrated into the PCL. Laterally, near the posterior edge of the lateral tibial plateau, the popliteal tendon penetrates through the articular capsule, where two dense fiberous bundleswere given off upwards by the popliteal tendon: one was the ventral fiber bundle,which ran superiorly over the posterior edge of the tibial plateau and then moved forwards to connect with the lateral meniscus; the dorsal fibersbundle ascended directly and participated in the AC.Conclusion: Popliteus muscle was connected with PCL, AC, lateral meniscus, and PMFL via the dense connective tissues near its tendon-muscle transition.

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