An Unusually Large Electron Temperature Increase Over Arecibo Associated With an Intense Geomagnetic Storm

Lv, Xiedong; Gong, Yun; Zhang, Shaodong; Zhou, Qihou; Ma, Zenghong

doi:10.1029/2021ja029836

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…In recent years, the studies on ionospheric storms have been accuracy and regionalization due to the development of ionospheric detection methods and observation data (e.g., Chen et al, 2016;Deng et al, 2011;Dmitriev et al, 2013;Fejer et al, 2014;Jakowski et al, 1990;Li et al, 2010Li et al, , 2020Lv et al, 2021;Ma et al, 2021;Matamba et al, 2016;Qian et al, 2015;Su & Wang, 2022;Zettergren & Snively, 2019). For example, Gong et al (2013) investigated the response of the F region and the topside ionosphere to a strong geomagnetic storm during August 2011, using observation data from the Arecibo Incoherent Scattering Radar (ISR).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, the studies on ionospheric storms have been accuracy and regionalization due to the development of ionospheric detection methods and observation data (e.g., Chen et al., 2016; Deng et al., 2011; Dmitriev et al., 2013; Fejer et al., 2014; Jakowski et al., 1990; Li et al., 2010, 2020; Lv et al., 2021; Ma et al., 2021; Matamba et al., 2016; Qian et al., 2015; Su & Wang, 2022; Zettergren & Snively, 2019). For example, Gong et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Case Study of Ionospheric Storm‐Time Altitudinal Differences at Low Latitudes During the May 2021 Geomagnetic Storm

Kuai,

Sun,

Liu

et al. 2024

JGR Space Physics

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Previous studies paid little attention to the ionospheric storm‐time altitudinal differences due to insufficiency of ionospheric measurements. In this work, multiple instrumental observations were used to investigate the ionospheric storm‐time response at low latitudes in the American and Asian‐Australian sectors during the May 2021 geomagnetic storm. The ground‐based Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) total electron content (TEC) and Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite topside TEC presented opposite (positive/negative) variations in the low‐latitude and equatorial region of both sectors during this storm. The electron density profiles from the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate‐2 (COSMIC‐2) and the Sanya Incoherent Scatter Radar showed a good agreement and well explained the opposite variations between GNSS TEC and LEO satellite topside TEC. The F2‐layer peak height (hmF2) and peak density (NmF2) displayed inverse variations, and the feature was present mostly in the regions between equatorial ionization anomaly crests. The combined modulation effects of the storm‐time zonal electric fields and the field‐aligned transports possibly resulted in the contrary variations of hmF2 and NmF2 in the low‐latitude and equatorial region, leading to the storm‐time altitudinal differences during this storm. Relatively, the storm‐time thermospheric composition disturbances might be a minor factor responsible for these differences.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, the studies on ionospheric storms have been accuracy and regionalization due to the development of ionospheric detection methods and observation data (e.g., Chen et al., 2016; Deng et al., 2011; Dmitriev et al., 2013; Fejer et al., 2014; Jakowski et al., 1990; Li et al., 2010, 2020; Lv et al., 2021; Ma et al., 2021; Matamba et al., 2016; Qian et al., 2015; Su & Wang, 2022; Zettergren & Snively, 2019). For example, Gong et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Case Study of Ionospheric Storm‐Time Altitudinal Differences at Low Latitudes During the May 2021 Geomagnetic Storm

Kuai,

Sun,

Liu

et al. 2024

JGR Space Physics

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“…Lv et al. (2021) investigated the response of F region electron temperature to the August 2011 storm using the measurements of Arecibo (18.3°N, 66.7°W) incoherent scatter radar and proposed an enhancement of the F‐region electron temperature by 800 K resulting from neutral composition changes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…increases by ∼1,000 K near 350 km and the enhancement becomes smaller in higher altitudes during the August 2011 storm, and suggested that temperature increase is consistent with reduced electron density and electron-ion cooling rate. Lv et al (2021) investigated the response of F region electron temperature to the August 2011 storm using the measurements of Arecibo (18.3°N, 66.7°W) incoherent scatter radar and proposed an enhancement of the F-region electron temperature by 800 K resulting from neutral composition changes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Extreme Enhancements of Electron Temperature in Low Latitude Topside Ionosphere During the October 2016 Storm

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2022

JGR Space Physics

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We use the in‐situ observations of DMSP and SWARM satellites to report the changes of the topside ionospheric electron temperature during the October 2016 storm. Electron temperature in the afternoon sector dramatically increases in low latitudes in the recovery phase of the storm. Furthermore, the temperature enhancements have an obvious dependence on longitude and are mainly centralized around 100°–150°E in different satellite observations. The temperature enhancements attain more than 2,000 K at 840 km and 1,500 K at 450 km around the magnetic equator. The decrease in the electron‐ion collision cooling rate, resulting from the lessened topside electron density, could not fully explain the temperature enhancement. At the same time, the electron densities in crests of the equatorial ionization anomaly are suppressed drastically at 100°–150°E, which cause a less heat conduction effect from the equatorial topside ionosphere to low altitudes via magnetic field lines and heat the topside ionospheric electron temperature. Further analysis indicates that dayside westward disturbance dynamo electric field presents a significant longitude structure and is a primary driver for the topside ionospheric temperature enhancement during the storm.

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An Unusually Large Electron Temperature Increase Over Arecibo Associated With an Intense Geomagnetic Storm

Abstract: Being one of the most significant disturbances of the Earth's magnetosphere, geomagnetic storms exert a great impact on the space environment of the Earth. Thermospheric and ionospheric responses to geomagnetic storms have been extensively investigated in the past few decades (e.g.

Cited by 2 publications

References 44 publications

A Case Study of Ionospheric Storm‐Time Altitudinal Differences at Low Latitudes During the May 2021 Geomagnetic Storm

A Case Study of Ionospheric Storm‐Time Altitudinal Differences at Low Latitudes During the May 2021 Geomagnetic Storm

Extreme Enhancements of Electron Temperature in Low Latitude Topside Ionosphere During the October 2016 Storm

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