An Unusual Type of Cytokeratin Filament in Cells of a Human Cloacogenic Carcinoma Derived from the Anorectal Transition Zone

Moll, Roland; Bassewitz, D. B. v.; Schulz, Uwe; Franke, Werner W.

doi:10.1111/j.1432-0436.1982.tb01220.x

Cited by 38 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…These systems are advantageous in that they are readily available, easy to maintain, and amenable to manipulation. Cell lines are often altered in their protein and receptor expression patterns because of their immortal nature and continued laboratory maintenance (54, 60,76,111,127,135,137,140,144,145,165,166,188,215,219,220,222,223,224,237,255). Additionally, altered protein expression can result in additive or synergistic alternative functional responses within these immortal cells compared to their respective parental tissues.…”

Section: Models Used To Study Gonococcal Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Molecular Mechanisms Used byNeisseria gonorrhoeaeTo Initiate Infection Differ between Men and Women

2004

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The molecular mechanisms used by the gonococcus to initiate infection exhibit gender specificity. The clinical presentations of disease are also strikingly different upon comparison of gonococcal urethritis to gonococcal cervicitis. An intimate association occurs between the gonococcus and the urethral epithelium and is mediated by the asialoglycoprotein receptor. Gonococcal interaction with the urethral epithelia cell triggers cytokine release, which promotes neutrophil influx and an inflammatory response. Similarly, gonococcal infection of the upper female genital tract also results in inflammation. Gonococci invade the nonciliated epithelia, and the ciliated cells are subjected to the cytotoxic effects of tumor necrosis factor alpha induced by gonococcal peptidoglycan and lipooligosaccharide. In contrast, gonococcal infection of the lower female genital tract is typically asymptomatic. This is in part the result of the ability of the gonococcus to subvert the alternative pathway of complement present in the lower female genital tract. Gonococcal engagement of complement receptor 3 on the cervical epithelia results in membrane ruffling and does not promote inflammation. A model of gonococcal pathogenesis is presented in the context of the male and female human urogenital tracts

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Section: Models Used To Study Gonococcal Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Molecular Mechanisms Used byNeisseria gonorrhoeaeTo Initiate Infection Differ between Men and Women

2004

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“…At 40 kDa, this type I keratin is the smallest known IF protein (6,7). The primary structure of human, bovine, and mouse K19 is highly conserved and made unique by virtue of an exceptionally short (13-residue long) tail domain at the carboxyl terminus (8 -11).…”

Section: Keratins (K)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Type I Keratin 19 Possesses Distinct and Context-dependent Assembly Properties

Fradette

Germain

Seshaiah

et al. 1998

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Keratins (K), the cytoplasmic intermediate filament (IF)proteins of epithelial cells, are encoded by a multigene family and expressed in a tissue-and differentiation-specific manner. In human skin, keratinocytes of the basal layer of epidermis and the outer root sheath of hair follicles express K5 and K14 as their main keratins. A small subpopulation of basal cells exhibiting stem-cell like characteristics express, in addition, K19. At 40 kDa, this keratin is the smallest IF protein due to an exceptionally short carboxyl-terminal domain. We examined the assembly properties of K19 and contrasted them to K14 in vitro and in vivo. Relative to K5-K14, we find that K5-K19 form less stable tetramers that polymerize into shorter and narrower IFs in vitro. When transiently coexpressed in cultured baby hamster kidney cells, the K5 and K19 combination fails to form a filamentous array, whereas the K5-K14 and K8 -K19 ones readily do so. Transient expression of K19 in the epithelial cell lines T51B-Ni and A431 results in its integration into the endogenous keratin network with minimal if any perturbation. Collectively, these results indicate that K19 possesses assembly properties that are distinct from those of K14 and suggest that it may impart unique properties to the basal cells expressing it in skin epithelia. Keratins (K)1 are intermediate filament (IF) proteins encoded by a large multigene family and expressed in epithelial tissues. The Ͼ30 known keratins (40 -70 kDa) expressed in soft epithelia have been subdivided into type I (acidic, K9 -K20) and type II (basic, K1-K8) based on DNA sequence homology and gene structure (1). Keratin filament assembly is a multistep process that begins with the formation of a type I-type II heterodimer (2), distinguishing them from most other IF proteins, which form homodimers. As a result, an epithelial cell must coordinately express at least one type I and type II keratin genes in order to assemble an IF network in its cytoplasm. Many keratin genes are in fact regulated in a pairwise, differentiation-specific manner, creating patterns that have been well conserved among mammalian species (1, 3). In stratified epithelia, for instance, the type II gene K5 and the type I genes K14 and K15 are expressed in the basal layer, whereas distinct combinations of type I and type II keratin genes are expressed in the differentiating suprabasal layers. A major function of keratin IFs in stratified epithelia is to contribute to the physical strength that is necessary to maintain their integrity in response to normal load of mechanical stress. This is particularly obvious in the epidermis and oral mucosa, as mutations affecting specific keratin proteins underlie several inherited blistering disorders such as epidermolysis bullosa simplex, epidermolytic hyperkeratosis, oral white sponge nevus, and others (2, 4, 5).One of the most intriguing keratin is K19. At 40 kDa, this type I keratin is the smallest known IF protein (6, 7). The primary structure of human, bovine, and mouse K19 is highly conserved...

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“…The following antibodies were used: (i) Guinea pig antibodies (ammonium sulfate-precipitated globulin fraction) to human epidermal prekeratin, prepared from body skin as described for bovine material [19,24], have been used previously [9]; (ii) guinea pig antibodies (ammonium sulfate-precipitated globulin fraction) to cytokeratin polypeptide D from mouse liver hepatocytes (for details of preparation see Refs. [lo, 14, 171); (iii) guinea pig antibodies (IgG) raised against bovine muzzle prekeratin from desmosome-tonofilament fractions which show broad cross-reaction between epidermal prekeratin polypeptides and cytokeratins from various tissues [14,17,19, 24,251; (iv) [31]. Alternatively, for exclusion of possible cross-reactions with keratin-like proteins, vimentin antibodies (sera, IgG fractions purified by chromatography on DEAE cellulose, and affinity-purified IgG) were absorbed exhaustively by incuba-…”

Section: Antibodiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In all cases the staining with cytokeratin antibodies was significantly diminished when the immunoglobulins used were absorbed first on purified keratin prepared as 'acetone-powder' or in the form of reconstituted filaments (for details see Methods and Ref. [31]).…”

Section: (6) Cells Of Connective Tissue and Vascular Walls Subsumed Umentioning

confidence: 99%

“…anti-vimentin IgG used was not specific to vimentin but rather reflected the special presence in these cells of material cross-reacting with prekeratins (for detailed discussion of such problems see Ref. [31]). When, vice versa, anti-vimentin IgG was first absorbed with purified vimentin (see Methods), specific staining was diminished not only in cells of the fibrovascular stroma but also in the pleomorphic tumor cells of the IPTand DSM-type ( Fig.…”

Section: This Indicated That the Staining Of Def-cells By The Variousmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immunocytochemistry of Intermediate Filament Proteins Present in Pleomorphic Adenomas of the Human Parotid Gland: Characterization of Different Cell Types in the Same Tumor

et al. 1982

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An Unusual Type of Cytokeratin Filament in Cells of a Human Cloacogenic Carcinoma Derived from the Anorectal Transition Zone

Cited by 38 publications

References 70 publications

The Molecular Mechanisms Used byNeisseria gonorrhoeaeTo Initiate Infection Differ between Men and Women

The Molecular Mechanisms Used byNeisseria gonorrhoeaeTo Initiate Infection Differ between Men and Women

The Type I Keratin 19 Possesses Distinct and Context-dependent Assembly Properties

Immunocytochemistry of Intermediate Filament Proteins Present in Pleomorphic Adenomas of the Human Parotid Gland: Characterization of Different Cell Types in the Same Tumor

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