An unusual pelvic mass: Contrast‐enhanced sonographic diagnosis of pelvic splenosis

Kruger, Ross; Freeman, Simon

doi:10.1002/jcu.22671

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…However, the implanted splenic tissue lacks the usual splenic vascular pattern, and the blood supply pattern is different. In addition to our three cases, other rare case reports demonstrate that ectopic spleen usually misdiagnosed as a malignant or benign hypervascular neoplasm with nonspecific imaging features on US, CT, or MRI (14)(15)(16). In our study, CT and MRI had a diagnostic consistency of 50%-70% in diagnosing ES; therefore, sometimes CT and MRI are not reliable.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 50%

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The imaging features of ectopic spleen: which modality is more consistent? A cases series report and literature reviews

Xiao,

Liang,

Ren

et al. 2024

Front. Oncol.

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Ectopic spleen (ES) is a rare condition. It is difficult to diagnose with conventional imaging modalities. In this case series, we presented the imaging features of three misdiagnosed ES cases in our hospital and previously reported cases to compare the consistency of enhancement patterns among different imaging modalities with varied phases. Finally, 22 cases were reviewed. We determined that variable arterial phase enhancement and persistent enhancement throughout the portal and delayed phases are present in contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) imaging of the ES and found the arterial phase of CEUS had the highest consistency compared with computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 50%

“…After the databases were searched, the data for 22 cases who underwent CT, MRI, and CEUS from 17 case reports were obtained (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23). In total, 25 cases were included for further analysis.…”

Section: Case Summaries From Previous Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The imaging features of ectopic spleen: which modality is more consistent? A cases series report and literature reviews

Xiao,

Liang,

Ren

et al. 2024

Front. Oncol.

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“…Hence, careful evaluation of the vascularity of the lesion helps the diagnosis. As the prolonged enhancement is reported to be a key feature of splenosis, contrast-enhanced ultrasonography can be an effective tool to diagnose this disease [10]. Superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) is specifically taken up by reticuloendothelial tissue, such as that found in the spleen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Multinodular Mass of Abdominal Splenosis: Case Report of Uncommon Images of a Rare Disease

et al. 2019

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Splenosis is a rare disease which typically forms single or multiple round masses. A 45-year-old male was referred for investigation of an abdominal mass. He had a history of splenic injury from a traffic accident at age 19. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography showed a well-enhanced, multi-nodular mass lesion, 3.5 cm in size, located below the stomach. An endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy (EUS-FNAB) for the mass was inconclusive. A surgery was performed, and pathology of the resected mass confirmed splenosis. Clinicians must bear in mind the possibility of occurrence of splenosis after splenic trauma and its image variations.

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“…Although scintigraphy, using labelled denatured red blood cells, has frequently been used to detect and diagnose ectopic splenic tissue (Ekmekci et al 2015), CEUS is also ideally suited to diagnosis of accessory splenic tissue, which will have the same arterial and parenchymal enhancement patterns as normal spleen. Persistent late-phase enhancement is a particularly valuable feature because of the characteristic sequestration of contrast microbubbles by normal splenic tissue (Lim et al 2004) extending far beyond the washout of bubbles from pathological tissue (Catalano et al 2006;Rogers et al 2011;Kruger and Freeman 2019). Characterisation of suspected accessory spleens and splenosis is an indication for CEUS as recommended by EFSUMB guidelines (Sidhu et al 2018).…”

Section: Accessory Spleen and Splenosismentioning

confidence: 99%

WFUMB Position Paper—Incidental Findings, How to Manage: Spleen

Trenker

Görg

Freeman

et al. 2021

Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology

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The World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (WFUMB) is addressing the issue of incidental findings (IFs) with a series of publications entitled "Incidental Imaging Findings-The Role of Medical Ultrasound." IFs are less commonly encountered in the spleen than in many other abdominal organs but remain a frequent dilemma in clinical practice. A histological diagnosis is rarely necessary for patient management. Many IFs, such as secondary spleens and splenic cysts, are harmless and do not require any further investigation. The diagnosis of many other focal splenic lesions is, however, often problematic. The following overview is intended to illustrate a variety of incidentally detected spleen pathologies such as size variants, shape variants, secondary spleens, focal splenic lesions and splenic calcifications. It should aid the examiner in establishing the diagnosis. Moreover, it should help the ultrasound practitioner decide which pathologies need no further investigation, those requiring interval imaging and cases in which immediate further diagnostic procedures are required.In patients with splenomegaly (>13 £ 6 cm), an imaging, clinical and laboratory evaluation is usually required to determine the underlying cause.Most congenital variants of the spleen, and accessory spleens, have characteristic ultrasound appearances and do not require further evaluation or follow-up.The use of ultrasound contrast microbubbles (contrast-enhanced ultrasound) is of particular value in ultrasound imaging of the spleen when an indeterminate incidental finding is encountered.Splenosis can be confidently diagnosed with contrast-enhanced ultrasound and usually requires no additional imaging or follow-up.The cause of an inhomogeneous splenic parenchyma must be clarified, especially to exclude sarcoidosis or lymphomatous infiltration. Incidental indeterminate focal splenic lesions (with the exception of simple cysts) are often best managed by an interval follow-up examination (initially after 3 months) unless there clearly malignant clinical or sonographic features.For splenic calcifications, including the "starry sky" spleen, no follow-up is necessary.

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An unusual pelvic mass: Contrast‐enhanced sonographic diagnosis of pelvic splenosis

Cited by 6 publications

References 8 publications

The imaging features of ectopic spleen: which modality is more consistent? A cases series report and literature reviews

The imaging features of ectopic spleen: which modality is more consistent? A cases series report and literature reviews

A Multinodular Mass of Abdominal Splenosis: Case Report of Uncommon Images of a Rare Disease

WFUMB Position Paper—Incidental Findings, How to Manage: Spleen

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