An Unusual Kind of Distyly in Quinchamalium chilense (Santalaceae) on Volcan Casablanca, Southern Chile

Riveros, Magaly; Arroyo, Mary T. K.; Humaña, Ana María

doi:10.2307/2443807

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…H. Richards, unpublished data); GS = Guettarda scabra; HN = Hedyotis nigricans (Bahadur, 1970a); MR = Mitchella repens (Ganders, 1975); au = Oldenlandia umbellata (Bahadur, 1963); as = Oldenlandia scopulorum (Bahadur, 1966); PF = Palicourea fendleri (Sobrevila, Ramirez, and de Enrech, 1983); PL = Pentas laneeolata (Bahadur, 1970b); PP = Palicourea petiolaris (Sobrevila, Ramirez, and de Enrech, 1983); PN = Psychotria nervosa; PS = Psychotria suerrensis (1. H. Richards, unpublished data); QC = Quinchamalium ehilense (Riveros, Arroyo, and Humana, 1987). Species with unusual stylar heterornorphisms are denoted with solid squares.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Floral Variation and Distyly in Guettarda scabra (Rubiaceae)

Richards

Koptur

1993

American Journal of Botany

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Controversy exists as to whether the tropical shrub Guettarda scabra (Rubiaceae) is distylous. Variations in stigma and anther position and floral morphology of G. scabra were studied in a population in south Florida. Stigma and anther height have unimodal distributions, but stigma-anther separation is bimodally distributed and can be used to identify a long-styled and a short-styled morpho Stigma width varies between morphs, but anther length, pollen diameter, and stigma papillae length do not. The morphs occur in a I: I ratio in the two populations studied. G. scabra is self-compatible and can pollinate itself. Styles of the two morphs have similar relative growth rates in early development. Stylar growth is inhibited in the short-styled morph when buds are approximately 12 mm long. Anther height differs between morphs because of different relative growth rates and because the long-styled morph corolla tube, where the anthers are attached, stops growth before the tube of the short-styled morpho Reciprocity between morphs for average stigma and anther height falls within the range of reciprocity found in other distylous Rubiaceae. Thus G. scabra is morphologically distylous but unusual among distylous species in the variation within morphs and overlap between morphs in stigma and anther heights.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Floral Variation and Distyly in Guettarda scabra (Rubiaceae)

Richards

Koptur

1993

American Journal of Botany

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“…Many studies of heterostylous species have shown significant deviations from balanced morph ratios in populations of distylous (Levin, 1972;Opler, Baker, and Frankie, 1975;Barrett, 1980;Ornduff, 1980;Philip and Schou, 1981;Sobrevilla, Ramirez, and De Enrech, 1983;Ornduff, 1988) and tristylous (Barrett, Price, and Shore, 1983;Barrett, 1985;Eckert and Barrett, 1994) species. Such variation in morph ratio also occurs in species that show polymorphic variation in style length but lack true reciprocal herkogamy (Riveros, Arroyo, and Humana, 1987;Arroyo and Dafni, 1995;Barrett, Lloyd, and Arroyo, 1995).…”

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confidence: 88%

Distyly and variation in heteromorphic Incompatibility in Gaertnera Vaginata (Rubiaceae) endemic to La Reunion Island

Pailler

Thompson

1997

American J of Botany

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Documenting the floral biology of species throughout the Rubiaceae family is of particular interest since heterostyly and dioecy may have evolved more than once in this large family. Unfortunately many species in several tropical regions remain unstudied. The purpose of this paper is to describe the floral biology, the nature of self-incompatibility, morph ratios, and fecundity in natural populations of Gaertnera vaginata, a small tree endemic to the island of La Reunion in the Indian Ocean. Measurements of floral characters in populations across the entire distribution of this species showed that G. vaginata exhibits a reciprocal stigma height and anther height dimorphism characteristic of a distylous species. Pollen grain size and corolla tube length are consistently greater in short-styled plants and long-styled plants produce more pollen per flower. Controlled pollinations in a natural population showed that 25% of the short-styled plants gave at least one fruit on intramorph (illegitimate) pollination, whereas no long-styled plants set fruit on illegitimate pollination. In total, 19.4% of illegitimate pollinations produced fruit on short-styled plants. No self-pollination gave fruit on either morph and between-morph pollinations produced 92.2 and 92.8% for short and long-styled plants, respectively. Overall, short-styled plants were significantly more abundant than long-styled plants. Short-styled plants outnumbered long-styled plants in 16 of the 19 populations. In three of these populations the morph ratio was significantly different from 1:1. In two natural populations, fruit set was significantly higher on long-styled plants, although the number of seeds per fruit was not significantly different between the two morphs. The possible effect of variation in the strength of heteromorphic incompatibility on observed variation in morph abundance and the possible causes for the variation in fruit set are discussed.

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“…Thus, dimorphy in anther height developed from continuous variation between morphs in growth rates beginning in the early stages of bud elongation. Species with similar anther developmental variation to that of H. caerulea include its congener, H. salzmanii (Riveros et al [1995]) as well as Guettarda scabra (Rubiaceae) (Richards and Koptur [1993]), Psychotria chiapenis , P. poeppigiana and Bouvardia ternifolia (Rubiaceae) (Faivre [2000]), Primula vulgaris (Webster and Gilmartin [2006]), Quinchamalium chilense (Santalaceae) (Riveros et al [1987]), and species of Lithospermum (Cohen [2011]). The only reported additional source of variation in anther height derives from differences in growth of filaments, where anthers are attached to the corolla.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In one review, Richards and Barrett ([1992]) concluded that variation in floral organ development among families derives from independent evolutionary events that led to tristyly. While they predicted that the same could be true for distyly, they lacked information on distylous floral development in a sufficient number of species largely limited to members of the Boraginaceae (Cohen et al, [2012]), Linaceae (Armbruster et al [2006]), Primulaceae (Stirling [1932]; Webster and Gilmartin [2006]), Santalaceae (Riveros et al [1987]), and finally the Rubiaceae, which may be the best studied family based on reports for Faramea suerrensis (Richards and Barrett [1992]), Guettarda scabra (Richards and Koptur [1993]), Hedyotis salzmannii (Riveros et al [1995]), Psyochotria spp and Bouvardia ternifolia (Faivre [2000]), and Palicourea padifolia (Hernandez and Ornelas [2007]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental variation and the evolution of distyly in Hedyotis caerulea (Rubiaceae)

Sampson

Krebs

2013

SpringerPlus

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The development of distyly is thought to arise from differential growth patterns in the pin and thrum morphs. However, few detailed studies exist on the early floral development of distylous flowers, and fewer still look at variation in these traits among populations. Buds at multiple stages of development were collected from five populations of Hedyotis caerulea to quantify how pins and thrums diverge with respect to the initiation, rate, and termination of growth between the stamens and stigmas. The growth rate of anthers varied little spatially across five populations and temporally in both pins and thrums, although thrum anthers grew faster than pin anthers. Dimorphy in stigma height was more complex. Pin stigmas first grew at a faster rate than those of thrums, and late in bud development, growth of thrum styles slowed. These rate changes varied among populations, and they differed from the congeneric H. salzmanii. Similar differences between morphs are known in other heterostylous species, and such variation in growth pattern among related species has been used to infer independent evolution of distylous systems.

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An Unusual Kind of Distyly in Quinchamalium chilense (Santalaceae) on Volcan Casablanca, Southern Chile

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Floral Variation and Distyly in Guettarda scabra (Rubiaceae)

Floral Variation and Distyly in Guettarda scabra (Rubiaceae)

Distyly and variation in heteromorphic Incompatibility in Gaertnera Vaginata (Rubiaceae) endemic to La Reunion Island

Developmental variation and the evolution of distyly in Hedyotis caerulea (Rubiaceae)

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