An unusual form of Ichthyophonus hoferi (Ichthyophonales: Ichthyophonaceae) from yellowtail flounder Limanda lerruginea from the Nova Scotia shelf

Rand, Thomas

doi:10.3354/dao018021

Cited by 29 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…However, infection of amphibians with Ichthyophonus-like organisms differs from ichthyophonosis in fish in that: (1) germination and hyphae formation could not be obtained in skeletal muscles of dead amphibians while I. hofen germination and hyphae formation in fish tissues occurs within 15 to 30 min of host death (McVicar 1982); (2) the skeletal muscle was the only tissue affected in amphibians while I. hofen may parasitize all tissues in fish (Rand 1994, Patterson 1996, Mellergaard & Spanggaard 1997, Marty et al 1998, Rahimian 1998; (3) spores from the red-spotted newt lacked dictyosomes while these structures are common in I. hoferi spores (Rahimian 1998); (4) experimental transmission of Ichthyophonus-like infection could not be achieved with goldfish while fish are readily infected by I. hoferi administered orally (McVicar 1982) or intraperitoneally (Rand & Cone 1990); (5) rock bass sharing the pond of green frogs affected by an epizootic of Ichthyophonus-like infection remained uninfected. Taken together, these observations suggest that Ichthyophonus-like organisms infecting amphibians may represent a species distinct from I. hoferi.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ichthyophonus-like infection in wild amphibians from Québec, Canada

Mikaelian¹,

Ouellet²,

Pauli³

et al. 2000

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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ABSTRACT. Myositis associated with infection by Ichthyophonus-like organisms was diagnosed in 35 of 260 (13%) wild amphibians collected in Quebec, Canada, from 1959 to 1964 , and 1992 to 1999 (n = 230). Infection was diagnosed in 17 green frogs Rana clamitans, 9 wood frogs R, sylvatica, 4 red-spotted newts hrotophthalmus viridescens, 3 bullfrogs R. catesbeiana, 1 spring peeper Pseudacris crucifer, and 1 pickerel frog R. palustris. The spring peeper and one of the bullfrogs were collected in 1964 from the Mont Saint-Hilaire Biosphere Reserve, indicating long-term presence of the organism. Spores of the organisms invaded striated muscle fibers and were associated with variable degrees of granulomatous and eosinophilic inflammation. Infection was considered fatal in 2 green frogs, 1 wood frog, and 1 red-spotted newt. It was considered potentially significant in 3 additional green frogs in which up to 100% of the fibers of some muscles were replaced by spores associated with a severe granulomatous reaction. Ultrastructural features of Ichthyophonus-like spores included a thick trilaminated wall, a paramural cytoplasm, multiple nuclei, oval rnitochondria with short tubulo-vesicular cristae and numerous ribosomes. This report represents 4 new host records and shows that ichthyophonosis is enzootic in amphibians from Quebec.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ichthyophonus-like infection in wild amphibians from Québec, Canada

Mikaelian¹,

Ouellet²,

Pauli³

et al. 2000

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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“…Comparative sequence Rand (1990Rand ( , 1994 ; Spangaard et a/. (1994,1995,1996) Anuran larvae Richards (1962) ; Beebee (1991); Wong & Beebee ( 1994) analysis is more robust than these methods, and provides much greater resolving power for clade identification.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prototheca richardsi, a pathogen of anuran larvae, is related to a clade of protistan parasites near the animal-fungal divergence

1999

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Prototheca richardsi is a protist of uncertain taxonomy which mediates growth inhibition in anuran larvae. Cells of P, richardsi were isolated from tadpole faeces and DNA was purified by Qiagen chromatography. Nuclear smallsubunit (185) rDNA (ssu-rDNA) was amplified by PCR using universal primers, cloned, and six clones (two from each of three separate isolates) were sequenced. All clones yielded an essentially identical sequence of 1802 nucleotides. In sifu hybridization of fluorescent Prototheca-specif ic oligonucleotide probes, designed using the derived 185 rDNA sequence, confirmed that the sequence was indeed from P. richardsi cells and not from other components of tadpole faeces. The P. richardsi sequence was aligned with ssu-rDNA from a range of other eukaryotes, and phylogenetic analyses were carried out using several inference methods. P. richardsi consistently and stably grouped within a novel clade that contains rDNAs from an apparently heterodisperse group of parasitic micro-organisms assigned t o the class Ichthyosporea. P. richardsi is evidently misplaced in the genus Prototheca, and the authors propose its inclusion in a new genus Anurofeca.

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“…Herein we report the nuclear ssu-rDNA sequence from the distinctive form of Ichthyophonus observed by Rand (1990Rand ( , 1994, and we discuss the implications for our understanding of the causes of ichthyophoniasis, and for relationships within Ichthyosporea.…”

Section: Ichthyophonus Hoferimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, organisms identified as I. hoferi have been reported as pathogens of elasmobranch fishes, marine and freshwater crustaceans, amphibians, reptiles, and piscivorous birds (for extensive references see Rand 1990Rand , 1994.…”

Section: Ichthyophonus Hoferimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dis Aquat 01 Rand (1994) took this a step farther by recovering 2 forms of Ichthyophonus from yellowtail flounder Limanda ferruginea collected on the Nova Scotia shelf. These forms differed in their cell wall profiles, intensity of thallus wall staining by Alcain blue CEC, abilities to germinate in vitro without a seawater overlay, morphology of the vegetative thallus, penetration of mycelia into the culture medium, and time-course and nature of spore production in culture.…”

Section: Ichthyophonus Hoferimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ichthyophonus irregularis sp. nov. from the yellowtail flounder Limanda ferruginea from the Nova Scotia shelf

Rand¹,

White²,

Cannone³

et al. 2000

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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A previously described unusual form of the protistan parasite Ichthyophonus, differing in morphological and developmental features from I. hoferi sensu Plehn & Mulsow, was recovered from yellowtail flounder Limanda ferruginea Storer from the Brown's Bank area of the Nova Scotia shelf. The nuclear gene encoding the rRNA of the small ribosomal subunit was amplified from this unusual form of Ichthyophonus using the polymerase chain reaction, sequenced and aligned with other eukaryote small subunit (ssu)-rDNAs. Inferred phylogenetic trees clearly show that its ssu-rDNA is distinct from those of 2 isolates of I. hofen sensu Plehn & Mulsow from different hosts and geographical locations (herring in the North Sea, and yellowtail flounder from the Nova Scotia shelf). We consider the unusual form to be a separate species, I. irregularis. The occurrence of a second, distinct type of Ichthyophonus within a single host species raises the possibility that ichthyophoniasis could be produced by different (although related) pathogens, and in some cases, by concurrent infections of the two.

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An unusual form of Ichthyophonus hoferi (Ichthyophonales: Ichthyophonaceae) from yellowtail flounder Limanda lerruginea from the Nova Scotia shelf

Cited by 29 publications

References 9 publications

Ichthyophonus-like infection in wild amphibians from Québec, Canada

Ichthyophonus-like infection in wild amphibians from Québec, Canada

Prototheca richardsi, a pathogen of anuran larvae, is related to a clade of protistan parasites near the animal-fungal divergence

Ichthyophonus irregularis sp. nov. from the yellowtail flounder Limanda ferruginea from the Nova Scotia shelf

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