An Unusual Form of Carbon

Davis, William F.; Slawson, R. J.; Rigby, G. R.

doi:10.1038/171756a0

Cited by 246 publications

(96 citation statements)

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“…The finding was confirmed by Davis et al (1953) by means of electron micrography. Sehested (2006) underlines the detrimental role of whisker carbon for catalysts and links development of pyrolytic carbon with the appearance of higher hydrocarbons at elevated temperature.…”

Section: Carbon Depositssupporting

confidence: 58%

On thermodynamic equilibrium of carbon deposition from gaseous C-H-O mixtures: updating for nanotubes

Jaworski

Zakrzewska

Pianko‐Oprych

2017

Reviews in Chemical Engineering

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AbstractExtensive literature information on experimental thermodynamic data and theoretical analysis for depositing carbon in various crystallographic forms is examined, and a new three-phase diagram for carbon is proposed. The published methods of quantitative description of gas-solid carbon equilibrium conditions are critically evaluated for filamentous carbon. The standard chemical potential values are accepted only for purified single-walled and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNT). Series of C-H-O ternary diagrams are constructed with plots of boundary lines for carbon deposition either as graphite or nanotubes. The lines are computed for nine temperature levels from 200°C to 1000°C and for the total pressure of 1 bar and 10 bar. The diagram for graphite and 1 bar fully conforms to that in (Sasaki K, Teraoka Y. Equilibria in fuel cell gases II. The C-H-O ternary diagrams. J Electrochem Soc 2003b, 150: A885–A888). Allowing for CNTs in carbon deposition leads to significant lowering of the critical carbon content in the reformates in temperatures from 500°C upward with maximum shifting up the deposition boundary O/C values by about 17% and 28%, respectively, at 1 and 10 bar.

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Section: Carbon Depositssupporting

confidence: 58%

On thermodynamic equilibrium of carbon deposition from gaseous C-H-O mixtures: updating for nanotubes

Jaworski

Zakrzewska

Pianko‐Oprych

2017

Reviews in Chemical Engineering

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“…Carbon in the form of nanofilaments has been known since it was observed as an undesired product resulting from the thermal decomposition of hydrocarbons over metals [1,2]. More recently, carbon nanofibers (CNFs) have attracted scientific interest in the field of catalysis as they exhibit excellent properties as catalyst supports [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined XPS and TPD study of oxygen-functionalized carbon nanofibers grown on sintered metal fibers

Rosenthal

Ruta

Schlögl

et al. 2010

Carbon

193

126

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A B S T R A C TA composite material consisting of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) grown on sintered metal fiber filters was modified by H 2 O 2 or plasma-generated O 3 . Coupling temperature programmed desorption (TPD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques in the same UHV apparatus allowed the direct correlation of the nature of the created O-functional groups and their evolution as CO and CO 2 upon heating. The two oxidative treatments yielded different distributions of O-containing groups. The relative contribution of oxidized carbon was very low in the C1s region, hence the functional groups were more robustly analyzed through the O1s region. The comparison of the released oxygen by integration of the TPD CO, CO 2 and H 2 O spectra with the intensity loss of the XPS O1s spectra showed good agreement. In order to fit the data adequately, the set of O1s spectra was deconvoluted in at least four peaks for the differently activated samples. Finally, it was shown that functional groups formed by H 2 O 2 -treatment (mostly non-phenolic OH groups) are more thermally stable than those formed by O 3 -treatment. The latter treatment increases the concentration of carboxylic functionalities, which decompose at temperatures < 800 K;O 3 -activated CNFs should therefore show a more pronounced acidic behavior.

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“…In addition to CNTs, similar methods have been used for the synthesis of carbon nanofibers (CNFs), also known as carbon filaments since the early 1950's. 3 CNFs can be grown using catalytic decomposition of hydrocarbons over transition metal particles such as iron, cobalt, nickel, and their alloys at temperatures ranging from 500 to 1000°C. 4 A microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) process, used for the preparation of diamond and diamond-like carbon films, has recently been used for the growth of CNTs and CNFs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Branched carbon nanofiber network synthesis at room temperature using radio frequency supported microwave plasmas

Boskovic

Stolojan

Zeze

et al. 2004

Journal of Applied Physics

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S. (2004)'Branched carbon nano ber network synthesis at room temperature using radio frequency supported microwave plasmas.', Journal of applied physics., 96 (6). pp. 3443-3446. Further information on publisher's website: Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-pro t purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. Carbon nanofibers have been grown at room temperature using a combination of radio frequency and microwave assisted plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The nanofibers were grown, using Ni powder catalyst, onto substrates kept at room temperature by using a purposely designed water-cooled sample holder. Branched carbon nanofiber growth was obtained without using a template resulting in interconnected carbon nanofiber network formation on substrates held at room temperature. This method would allow room-temperature direct synthesized nanofiber networks over relatively large areas, for a range of temperature sensitive substrates, such as organic materials, plastics, and other polymers of interest for nanoelectronic two-dimensional networks, nanoelectromechanical devices, nanoactuators, and composite materials.

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An Unusual Form of Carbon

Cited by 246 publications

References 0 publications

On thermodynamic equilibrium of carbon deposition from gaseous C-H-O mixtures: updating for nanotubes

On thermodynamic equilibrium of carbon deposition from gaseous C-H-O mixtures: updating for nanotubes

Combined XPS and TPD study of oxygen-functionalized carbon nanofibers grown on sintered metal fibers

Branched carbon nanofiber network synthesis at room temperature using radio frequency supported microwave plasmas

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