An unusual cause of postmenopausal vaginal haemorrhage: a case report

Sun, Junyan; Guo, Ying; Ma, Li; Qian, Zhaoxia; Lai, Dongmei

doi:10.1186/s12905-019-0731-4

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 20 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Possible reason might be absence of uterine -venous plexus which results in shunting of blood directly to vaginal venous system causing massive congestion This can also explain the increased frequency of bleeding episodes after hysterectomy in present case. In a case of vaginal varices reported by Chuun et al [4] the patient also had varicose veins and deep arterio-venous shunts in left leg which resolved after an arterio-venous fistula occlusion surgery.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Only 12 cases of vaginal varices in non-pregnant women have been reported so far in literature. Of the 12 cases of vaginal varices reported in literature 11 occurred in patients with portal hypertension and one in patient with congenital arterio-venous malformation and tissue hypertrophy in left limb [4] . In 9 of the 12 cases patients had underwent hysterectomy, two had occurred in patients who had undergone radiation therapy for cervical neoplastic lesion and one patient had portal hypertension with spleno-ovarian shunt causing bleeding.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Vaginal varices in post-menopausal woman: A rare entity

M¹,

Aggarwal²,

Chopra³

et al. 2023

Int. J. Clin. Obstet. Gynaecol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Post-menopausal bleeding occurs in 4-11% of post-menopausal women with the most common cause being endometrial atrophy followed by malignancies of genital tract. Vaginal varices are a rare cause and are usually seen in pregnant women. They are less common than vulval varicosities which occur in 2-4%of pregnancies. Other causes of vaginal varices are portal hypertension, pelvic congestion syndrome and Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome. Here we report a post-menopausal woman with vaginal varices without any evidence of liver disease nor pelvic congestion syndrome. A 71-year-old multipara presented with complaints of post-menopausal bleeding for 2 years. She gave typical history of passage of gush of fresh blood followed by spontaneous resolution within minutes. She had these episodes at an interval of 2 to 3 weeks for which she underwent total abdominal hysterectomy. There was no evidence of malignancy in histopathology. However, 7 months following surgery the symptoms recurred. On examination she was not pale and a pelvic examination was unremarkable except a 3*3 cm bluish swelling seen in the anterior vaginal wall. Ultrasound with doppler revealed increased vascularity around vagina. CT angiography was performed which showed a vaginal varix draining into left internal iliac vein. The patient was planned for embolization by transfemoral catheterization and feeding vessel was selectively embolized. Postembolization the varix resolved, patient was discharged and is currently asymptomatic. Vaginal varices should be kept as a differential in post-menopausal bleeding especially when the discharge consists of fresh blood. Early recognition and treatment can also avoid unwanted hysterectomies.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaginal varices in post-menopausal woman: A rare entity

M¹,

Aggarwal²,

Chopra³

et al. 2023

Int. J. Clin. Obstet. Gynaecol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In nonpregnant women, postmenopausal vaginal bleeding from vaginal varices rarely occurs and is typically related to gynecological malignancies ( 10 – 12 ). Sun et al ( 13 ) described a rare case of vaginal bleeding secondary to increased central venous pressure due to the presence of arteriovenous shunts in the leg of the patient. An arterial angiography was performed, and the arteriovenous shunts were partly closed by an interventional arteriovenous fistula occlusion operation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uterine Involvement in Klippel–Trenaunay Syndrome: A Rare But Relevant Event. Review of the Literature

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

IntroductionKlippel–Trenaunay syndrome (KTS) is a rare vascular congenital disorder characterized by the classical triad of port-wine stains, abnormal growth of soft tissues and bones, and vascular malformations. The involvement of the genitourinary tract and of the uterus in particular is extremely infrequent but relevant for possible consequences.MethodsWe performed an extensive review of the literature using the Pubmed, Scopus and ISI web of knowledge database to identify all cases of KTS with uterine involvement. The search was done using the MeSH term “Klippel–Trenaunay syndrome” AND “uterine” OR “uterus.” We considered publications only in the English language with no limits of time. We selected a total of 11 records of KTS with uterine involvement, including those affecting pregnant women.ResultsKlippel–Trenaunay syndrome was described for the first time in the year 1900 in two patients with hemangiomatous lesions of the skin associated with varicose veins and asymmetric soft tissue and bone hypertrophy. Uterine involvement is a rare condition and can cause severe menorrhagia. Diagnosis is based on physical signs and symptoms. CT scans and MRI are first-choice test procedures to evaluate both the extension of the lesion and the infiltration of deeper tissues before treatment. The management of Klippel–Trenaunay syndrome should be personalized using careful diagnosis, prevention and treatment of complications.ConclusionKlippel–Trenaunay syndrome is a rare vascular malformation with a wide variability of manifestations. There are no univocal and clear guidelines that suggest the most adequate monitoring of the possible complications of the disease. Treatment is generally conservative, but in case of recurrent bleeding, surgery may be needed.

show abstract

“…Neither of those cases is similar to our patient's experience. The first one was in a 55-year-old woman with congenital varicosities [ 8 ]. The second one was in a 69-year-old postmenopausal patient with varicose veins, but she was asymptomatic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pelvic Congestion Syndrome in a Postmenopausal Female

Potla¹,

Veluri²,

Stead³

et al. 2021

Cureus

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study reports the case of a 53-year-old postmenopausal woman and explores her unique experience with pelvic congestion syndrome (PCS). PCS is a relatively newly recognized entity and is still a diagnosis of exclusion. We analyze the presenting symptoms and imaging findings on CT and ultrasonography. We also examine the potential causes of this ambiguous prognosis. This case is unusual in that PCS usually presents in premenopausal rather than postmenopausal women.

show abstract

An unusual cause of postmenopausal vaginal haemorrhage: a case report

Cited by 5 publications

References 20 publications

Vaginal varices in post-menopausal woman: A rare entity

Vaginal varices in post-menopausal woman: A rare entity

Uterine Involvement in Klippel–Trenaunay Syndrome: A Rare But Relevant Event. Review of the Literature

Pelvic Congestion Syndrome in a Postmenopausal Female

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About