An unusual anatomical variant of the left phrenic nerve encircling the transverse cervical artery

Lee, J H; Kim, H T; Choi, In‐Jang; Heo, Yu‐Ran; Jung, Y

doi:10.5603/fm.a2020.0131

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 22 publications

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“…Despite the fact that the attachments, surrounding structures, nerve supply, and actions of these muscles have been extensively described in the literature, numerous anatomical variations have been observed [5][6][7]. This region's inter-scalene triangle is particularly relevant from a clinical perspective because it serves as the pathway for the roots and trunks of the brachial plexus and the subclavian artery [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproducibility of Anterior Scalene Stiffness Measurement with Shear Wave Elastography: An Inter-Examiner Reliability Study

Varol,

Sánchez-Jiménez,

Valera-Calero

et al. 2023

Ultraschall Med

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Purpose: Although previous studies highlighted the clinical relevance of the anterior scalene muscle (AS) in patients with neck pain or nerve compressive syndromes, evidence reporting the diagnostic accuracy of shear wave elastography (SWE) for assessing the AS stiffness properties is lacking. This study aimed to analyze the SWE inter-examiner reliability for calculating the Young’s modulus and shear wave speed of the AS muscle in asymptomatic subjects. Material and Methods: Using a linear transducer, ultrasound images of the antero-lateral neck region at C7 level were acquired in 35 healthy volunteers by one experienced examiner and one novel examiner. After codifying the images to blind the participant identity, trial and side, Young’s modulus and shear wave speed were obtained by an independent experienced rater in randomized order. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM), minimal detectable changes (MDC) and coefficient of variation (CV%) were calculated. Results: The AS metrics assessed showed no side-to-side differences (p>0.05). Sex differences were found for muscle size (p=0.002), but muscle brightness and stiffness were similar (p>0.05). Inter-examiner reliability was good for determining the AS muscle stiffness (ICC = 0.881 for Young’s modulus and 0.850 for shear wave speed). Conclusion: The obtained results suggest that assessing the AS stiffness properties in asymptomatic subjects is a reliable procedure. Further studies should verify the SWE capacity for discriminating healthy and clinical populations and identify potential factors contributing to the variance of measurement errors.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%