An Untargeted Metabolomic Comparison of Milk Composition from Sheep Kept Under Different Grazing Systems

Scano, Paola; Carta, Patrizia; Ibba, Ignazio; Manis, Cristina; Caboni, Pierluigi

doi:10.3390/dairy1010004

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Metabolomics is the comprehensive study of the low-molecular-weight compounds (<1500 Da) involved in metabolism, including carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids, biogenic amines, and organic acids [ 1 ]. Overall, due to the important role of metabolism across all biological processes, metabolomics-based studies have been increasingly used to understand the physiological processes associated with economically important traits in the dairy industry, such as milk production in dairy cattle (as affected by the feeding systems) and cheese manufacturing [ 2 , 3 , 4 ]. Additionally, several metabolomic research efforts have been mainly devoted to a better understanding of the impact of diet on rumen health in dairy cows [ 5 , 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Combined Metabolomic and Metagenomic Approach to Discriminate Raw Milk for the Production of Hard Cheese

Bellassi

Rocchetti

Nocetti

et al. 2021

Foods

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The chemical composition of milk can be significantly affected by different factors across the dairy supply chain, including primary production practices. Among the latter, the feeding system could drive the nutritional value and technological properties of milk and dairy products. Therefore, in this work, a combined foodomics approach based on both untargeted metabolomics and metagenomics was used to shed light onto the impact of feeding systems (i.e., hay vs. a mixed ration based on hay and fresh forage) on the chemical profile of raw milk for the production of hard cheese. In particular, ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF) was used to investigate the chemical profile of raw milk (n = 46) collected from dairy herds located in the Po River Valley (Italy) and considering different feeding systems. Overall, a total of 3320 molecular features were putatively annotated across samples, corresponding to 734 unique compound structures, with significant differences (p < 0.05) between the two feeding regimens under investigation. Additionally, supervised multivariate statistics following metabolomics-based analysis allowed us to clearly discriminate raw milk samples according to the feeding systems, also extrapolating the most discriminant metabolites. Interestingly, 10 compounds were able to strongly explain the differences as imposed by the addition of forage in the cows’ diet, being mainly glycerophospholipids (i.e., lysophosphatidylethanolamines, lysophosphatidylcholines, and phosphatidylcholines), followed by 5-(3′,4′-Dihydroxyphenyl)-gamma-valerolactone-4′-O-glucuronide, 5a-androstan-3a,17b-diol disulfuric acid, and N-stearoyl glycine. The markers identified included both feed-derived (such as phenolic metabolites) and animal-derived compounds (such as lipids and derivatives). Finally, although characterized by a lower prediction ability, the metagenomic profile was found to be significantly correlated to some milk metabolites, with Staphylococcaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, and Dermabacteraceae establishing a higher number of significant correlations with the discriminant metabolites. Therefore, taken together, our preliminary results provide a comprehensive foodomic picture of raw milk samples from different feeding regimens, thus supporting further ad hoc studies investigating the metabolomic and metagenomic changes of milk in all processing conditions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Combined Metabolomic and Metagenomic Approach to Discriminate Raw Milk for the Production of Hard Cheese

Bellassi

Rocchetti

Nocetti

et al. 2021

Foods

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“…Along with quantity, the quality of bovine milk is equally important because it is an important entity in human nutrition as well 3 . The understanding of the molecular composition of bovine milk in different stages and conditions would help in integrative molecular biology and nutrition-based studies [4][5][6][7] . Bovine milk composition and quality are mainly influenced by various factors including genetics, diet (feeding system), stage of lactation, season and somatic cell count 4,8 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The understanding of the molecular composition of bovine milk in different stages and conditions would help in integrative molecular biology and nutrition-based studies [4][5][6][7] . Bovine milk composition and quality are mainly influenced by various factors including genetics, diet (feeding system), stage of lactation, season and somatic cell count 4,8 . The difference in the feeding systems significantly influences the milk composition in cows [9][10][11] .…”

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confidence: 99%

Differences in milk metabolites in Malnad Gidda (Bos indicus) cows reared under pasture-based feeding system

Ashokan

Ramesha

Hallur

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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The milk and milk products from cows reared under grazing system are believed to be healthier and hence have high demand compared to milk from cows reared in the non-grazing system. However, the effect of grazing on milk metabolites, specifically lipids has not been fully understood. In this study, we used acetonitrile precipitation and methanol:chloroform methods for extracting the milk metabolites followed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) run to identify the different metabolites between the milk of grazing and non-grazing early lactating Malnad Gidda cows. Various carbohydrates, amino acids, nucleosides and vitamin derivatives were found to be differentially abundant in grazing cows. A total of 35 metabolites were differentially regulated (fold change above 1.5) between the two groups. Tyrosyl-threonine, histidinyl-cysteine, 1-methyladenine, l-cysteine and selenocysteine showed fold change above 3 in grazing cows. The lipid profile of milk showed a lesser difference between grazing and non-grazing cows as compared to polar metabolites. To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest inventory of milk metabolomics data of an Indian cattle (Bos indicus) breed. We believe that our study would help to emerge a field of Nutri-metabolomics and veterinary omics research.

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“…Regarding milk foodome profile obtained from 1 H NMR, the decrease of hippuric acid in milk obtained from rapeseed oil and sunflower oil compared to control could be correlated with pasture feeding ( 40 ), high dietary fiber and polyphenol-rich feeds ( 41 ), as well as negative energy balance status in cattle ( 42 ). Interestingly, hippuric acid has been proposed as a biomarker of pasture-derived milk ( 43 ) but in this study the presence of polyphenols in dietary oils ( 44 ) could be the reason for the increase of this metabolite. However, contents of polyphenols in dietary oils were not analyzed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Effect of Supplementing Dairy Goat Diets With Rapeseed Oil or Sunflower Oil on Performance, Milk Composition, Milk Fatty Acid Profile, and in vitro Fermentation Kinetics

Vargas‐Bello‐Pérez

Pedersen²,

Khushvakov³

et al. 2022

Front. Vet. Sci.

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The aim of this study was to determine the effect of supplementing dairy goat diets with rapeseed oil and sunflower oil on performance, milk composition, milk fatty acid profile, and in vitro fermentation kinetics. Nine Danish Landrace goats with 42 ± 5 days in milk were allocated to three treatment groups for 42 days. Animals received a basal diet, formulated with 85:15 forage:concentrate ratio, and the basal diet was supplemented with either rapeseed oil or sunflower oil at 4% of dry matter. Goat milk was sampled on days 14, 21, and 42. Milk composition was similar between treatments. From day 14 to day 42, milk yield increased (1.03 vs. 1.34 kg/d), while milk fat (2.72 vs. 1.82 g/d) and total solids (11.2 vs. 9.14 %) were reduced. Compared to control and rapeseed oil, sunflower decreased (P < 0.05) C4:0 (1.56, and 1.67 vs. 1.36 g/100 g) and both oils decreased (P < 0.05) C18:3n3 (0.60 vs. 0.20 and 0.10 g/100g). Rapeseed oil increased (P < 0.05) C18:2 cis9, trans11 compared to control and sunflower oil (0.37 vs. 0.13 and 0.19 g/100 g). Untargeted milk foodomics revealed slightly elevated (P < 0.05) gluconic acid and decreased hippuric acid (P < 0.05) in the milk of oil-fed goats compared to control. In vitro dry matter degradation (63.2 ± 0.02 %) was not affected by dietary treatments, while individual volatile fatty acid proportions, total volatile fatty acids (35.7 ± 2.44 mmol/l), CO2 (18.6 ± 1.15 mol), and CH4 (11.6 ± 1.16 mol) were not affected by dietary treatments. Sunflower oil and rapeseed oil decreased (P < 0.05) total gas production at 24 and 48 h compared with control. Overall, the use of sunflower oil or rapeseed oil at 4% DM inclusion did not compromise animal performance and milk composition.

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An Untargeted Metabolomic Comparison of Milk Composition from Sheep Kept Under Different Grazing Systems

Cited by 19 publications

References 48 publications

A Combined Metabolomic and Metagenomic Approach to Discriminate Raw Milk for the Production of Hard Cheese

A Combined Metabolomic and Metagenomic Approach to Discriminate Raw Milk for the Production of Hard Cheese

Differences in milk metabolites in Malnad Gidda (Bos indicus) cows reared under pasture-based feeding system

Effect of Supplementing Dairy Goat Diets With Rapeseed Oil or Sunflower Oil on Performance, Milk Composition, Milk Fatty Acid Profile, and in vitro Fermentation Kinetics

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