“…DCs take up inhaled HDM allergen and transport it to the draining mediastinal lymph nodes (MLNs), where they polarize the Th cell immune response, helped by basophils, innate lymphoid cells type 2 (ILC2s), and B cells (Coquet et al, 2015;Hammad et al, 2010;Oliphant et al, 2014;Plantinga et al, 2013). Activation of DCs occurs through the release of epithelial cytokines like thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin (IL)-25, and the IL-1 family members IL-1a and IL-33 (Hammad et al, 2009;Kool et al, 2011;Phipps et al, 2009;Willart et al, 2012). Some of these lung-tissue-derived cytokines like IL-33 also induce cytokine production by ILC2s and tissue-resident memory Th2 cells (Coquet et al, 2015;Endo et al, 2015;Guo et al, 2015;Klein Wolterink et al, 2012).…”