An Unexpected Consequence of Electronic Cigarette Use

McCauley, Lindsay; Markin, Catherine; Hosmer, Danielle

doi:10.1378/chest.11-1334

Cited by 214 publications

(170 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…However, significant amounts of tin were present in the fluid of one brand of EC, and the corresponding aerosol contained metals, including metal nanoparticles (Williams et al, 2013). In a clinical case report, a woman was diagnosed with exogenous lipoid pneumonia seven months after she started using EC (McCauley et al, 2012), and her condition improved when she stopped EC use. Lipoid pneumonia was thought to be caused by inhaling aerosolized EC oil-based humectants, which lead to dyspnea, productive cough, and subjective fevers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of toxicants in cinnamon-flavored electronic cigarette refill fluids

Behar

Davis

Wang

et al. 2014

Toxicology in Vitro

225

211

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a b s t r a c tIn a prior study on electronic cigarette (EC) refill fluids, Cinnamon Ceylon was the most cytotoxic of 36 products tested. The purpose of the current study was to determine if high cytotoxicity is a general feature of cinnamon-flavored EC refill fluids and to identify the toxicant(s) in Cinnamon Ceylon. Eight cinnamon-flavored refill fluids, which were screened using the MTT assay, varied in their cytotoxicity with most being cytotoxic. Human embryonic stem cells were generally more sensitive than human adult pulmonary fibroblasts. Most products were highly volatile and produced vapors that impaired survival of cells in adjacent wells. Cinnamaldehyde (CAD), 2-methoxycinnamaldehyde (2MOCA), dipropylene glycol, and vanillin were identified in the cinnamon-flavored refill fluids using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). When authentic standards of each chemical were tested using the MTT assay, only CAD and 2MOCA were highly cytotoxic. The amount of each chemical in the refill fluids was quantified using HPLC, and cytotoxicity correlated with the amount of CAD/ product. Duplicate bottles of the same product were similar, but varied in their concentrations of 2MOCA. These data show that the cinnamon flavorings in refill fluids are linked to cytotoxicity, which could adversely affect EC users.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of toxicants in cinnamon-flavored electronic cigarette refill fluids

Behar

Davis

Wang

et al. 2014

Toxicology in Vitro

225

211

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“…The symptoms and pathologic changes often completely resolve with cessation of exposure; however, severe cases can progress to fibrosis and chronic respiratory failure [15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Not Play with Fire

Villa¹,

Kostihova²,

Cattaneo³

et al. 2013

OJRD

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We report a case of exogenous lipoid pneumonia caused by inhalation of liquid paraffin in a fire eater young man. The patient was admitted to the Emergency Department because of acute retrosternal pain, dry cough and dyspnea. Chest radiograph showed multiple bilateral basal alveolar opacities associated to left pleural effusion; CT chest scan showed multiple bilateral areas of consolidation with cavity areas. BAL cytologic examination revealed abundant lipid-laden macrophages. Clinical symptoms resolved after corticosteroid treatment. Lipoid pneumonia is a rare and often underdiagnosed entity. The presence of lipid-laden macrophages in sputum or BAL fluid helps to confirm the diagnosis.

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“…Two patients have developed lipoid pneumonia attributed to the glycerin containing solution used in e-cigarettes, and both patients' symptoms improved with cessation of e-cigarettes. 14,15 These two cases developed toxicity following more prolonged use of e-cigarettes (3 months, 7 months).…”

Section: E-cigarettes and Lung Toxicity: Case Reportsmentioning

confidence: 98%