An unequivocal case for high Nusselt number hydrothermal convection in sediment-buried igneous oceanic crust

Davis, Earl E.; Wang, Kelin; He, Jiangheng; Chapman, David S.; Villinger, H.; Rosenberger, A.

doi:10.1016/s0012-821x(96)00212-9

Cited by 115 publications

(134 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Considering the forces available to drive recharge, discharge, and transport between the two outcrops (the difference in fluid pressure at the base of recharging and discharging columns of fluid) and the volume flux of fluid exiting Baby Bare outcrop Thomson et al, 1995;, the bulk permeability of the basement rocks along the flow path must be on the order of 10 -12 to 10 -9 m 2 (Fisher et al, 2003a). These values are consistent with independent estimates made from packer and open hole thermal tests and results of numerical models of coupled heat and fluid flow in basement (e.g., Becker and Davis, 2003;Becker and Fisher, 2000;Davis et al, 1997b;Fisher et al, 1997;). …”

Section: Zühlsdorff Et Al Expedition 301 Site Surveyssupporting

confidence: 78%

“…Upper basement temperatures are ~20°C warmer than predicted on the basis of conductive models, assuming a background heat flow for this area of 180 mW/m 2 . As described in earlier studies, the homogeneity in basement temperatures in this area, which would vary by ~50°C if heat flow were entirely conductive, requires vigorous local hydrothermal circulation (e.g., Davis and Becker, 2004;Davis et al, 1997b;.…”

Section: Zühlsdorff Et Al Expedition 301 Site Surveysmentioning

confidence: 82%

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Site surveys related to IODP Expedition 301: ImageFlux (SO149) and RetroFlux (TN116) expeditions and earlier studies

Zuehlsdorff¹,

Hutnak²,

Fisher³

et al. 2005

Proceedings of the IODP

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Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 301 was preceded during 2000 and 2002 by three surveys that helped to delineate seafloor and basement relief, sediment thickness, and the nature of ridge-flank hydrothermal conditions and processes on the eastern flank of the Juan de Fuca Ridge. These surveys generated swath map, seismic, and thermal data used to select locations for primary and secondary drilling targets, building from several decades of earlier work. We show compilations and examples of data from several characteristic settings in and around the Expedition 301 work area and use these observations to evaluate sedimentation patterns and thermal conditions in basement. There remain important unanswered questions in this area concerning fluid circulation within the upper oceanic crust, the magnitude of lithospheric heat input, the quantitative significance of advective heat loss from the crust, and relations between basement relief, sedimentation, and sediment alteration. These questions may be resolved through collection of a modest amount of additional data focusing on a few critical locations.

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Section: Zühlsdorff Et Al Expedition 301 Site Surveyssupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Zühlsdorff Et Al Expedition 301 Site Surveysmentioning

confidence: 82%

Site surveys related to IODP Expedition 301: ImageFlux (SO149) and RetroFlux (TN116) expeditions and earlier studies

Zuehlsdorff¹,

Hutnak²,

Fisher³

et al. 2005

Proceedings of the IODP

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“…Color version: Data collected during DSDP, ODP, and IODP are coded by color and pattern, with DSDP and ODP data being partly transparent. magnitude lower than estimates based on numerical modeling and calculations based on tidal responses and drainage following tectonic strain events, which evaluated similar crustal volumes (Davis & Becker, 2002;Davis et al, , 1997.…”

Section: Hydrogeologic Properties Of the Ocean Crustmentioning

confidence: 76%

Hydrogeologic Properties, Processes, and Alteration in the Igneous Ocean Crust

Fisher

Alt

Bach

2014

Earth and Life Processes Discovered From Subseafloor Environments - A Decade of Science Achieved by the Integrated Ocean Drilli

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“…[33] Thermal, pressure, and geochemical (pore fluid) data from Site U1301 and the surrounding region indicate vigorous regional and local convection of basement fluids at (relatively high) temperatures of 60-65°C [e.g., Davis et al, 1997b;Wheat et al, 2000;Davis and Becker, 2002;Fisher et al, 2003aFisher et al, , 2005Spinelli et al, 2004b;Fisher, 2005]. The extent of fluid alteration determined from borehole and warm-seep fluid samples collected nearby at Site 1026 and Baby Bare outcrop suggests that water-rock interaction is unusually advanced for the age of the crust in this area [e.g., Mottl et al, 1998;Wheat et al, 2004].…”

Section: Constraints For the Hydrogeology At Juan De Fuca Ridgementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rapid turbidite deposition during Pleistocene sea level low-stands has buried much of the oceanic basement on the eastern flank of the JFR, except close to the active ridge and where a few seamounts and other basement outcrops penetrate regionally thick sediments [Davis et al, 1992;Underwood et al, 2005;Zühlsdorff et al, 2005]. Nearly complete burial of this ridge at an unusually young age makes this an ideal area to study ridge flank hydrothermal processes, where the rates and patterns of circulation are intense and particularly wellconstrained [e.g., Davis et al, 1997b;Fisher et al, 2003a;Hutnak et al, 2006].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical properties of young (3.5 Ma) oceanic crust from the eastern flank of the Juan de Fuca Ridge: Comparison of wireline and core measurements with global data

Bartetzko

Fisher

2008

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] We compile and compare petrophysical data from the upper oceanic crust in Hole U1301B, on 3.5 Ma seafloor on the eastern flank of the Juan de Fuca Ridge. Measurements include core-scale (lab-based) and in situ (wireline) measurements of formation porosity, electrical resistivity, bulk density, P wave velocity, and gamma ray emission. A comparison between Hole U1301B data and those from other sites, ranging in age from 5.9 to 167 Ma, demonstrates some important differences. Hole U1301B samples tend to have lower bulk density values for a given porosity than do other young crustal sites. Hole U1301B samples also tend to have higher values of formation factor (the ratio of fluid conductivity to saturated rock conductivity), which may indicate development of tortuous microporosity that is more consistent with samples from older seafloor. Evaluation of global trends of petrophysical properties versus crustal age indicates that Hole U1301B in situ data is consistent with global trends, but core-scale P wave velocity and bulk density values fall below global trend values predicted for young crust. This last observation is likely related to basement topography and the regional exposure, until relatively recently, of basement outcrops around Site U1301. Until most of the exposed basement in this area was buried, hydrothermal circulation extracted much of the lithospheric heat, kept basement fluid temperatures low, and limited the rate and extent of alteration; a subsequent period of higher-temperature fluid circulation with more restricted and less oxidative conditions resulted in enhanced and pervasive alteration of crustal rocks.

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An unequivocal case for high Nusselt number hydrothermal convection in sediment-buried igneous oceanic crust

Cited by 115 publications

References 23 publications

Site surveys related to IODP Expedition 301: ImageFlux (SO149) and RetroFlux (TN116) expeditions and earlier studies

Site surveys related to IODP Expedition 301: ImageFlux (SO149) and RetroFlux (TN116) expeditions and earlier studies

Hydrogeologic Properties, Processes, and Alteration in the Igneous Ocean Crust

Physical properties of young (3.5 Ma) oceanic crust from the eastern flank of the Juan de Fuca Ridge: Comparison of wireline and core measurements with global data

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