An unconventional
but robust route to synthesize anatase TiO2 colloidal nanocrystals
with tunable surface chemistry and
dimensions was developed via liquid crystalline polyamides (LCPAs)
with pyridine rings as a functional matrix. Titanium(IV) tetraisopropoxide
(TTIP), as the precursor of TiO2 nanocrystals, was selectively
incorporated into the compartment containing pyridine ring units via
a coordination interaction between the pyridine rings and precursors,
followed by an in situ direct polycondensation reaction of two monomers
with TTIP into amorphous TiO2 nanoparticles encapsulated
into the LCPA matrix. The functional polyamide chains capped on the
surface of the TiO2 nanoparticles can be readily carbonized
at 500 °C in inert atmosphere (argon), subsequently with the
carbon forming a protecting coating on the surface of TiO2 nanocrystals to prevent the nanocrystals from aggregating. In addition,
the amorphous TiO2 was simultaneously transformed into
anatase TiO2 after 500 °C calcination. The carbon
shell on the surface of anatase TiO2 nanocrystals can be
readily removed by calcination at a relatively low temperature (400
°C) in air. At last, the carboxyl-terminated polymers, such as
PMMA–COOH or PEG–COOH, were chosen as functional ligands
for the surface modification of anatase TiO2 nanocrystals
to fabricate core@shell anatase TiO2@polymer colloidal
nanocrystals. The sizes of anatase TiO2 nanocrystals can
be also tuned by adjusting the molar ratio of TTIP precursors to pyridine
units.