An Uncatalyzed, Vapor-Phase Cross-Linking Reaction of Cotton Cellulose with Formaldehyde

Joarder, G. K.; Brannan, Mary Ann F.; Rowland, Stanley P.; Guthrie, John D.

doi:10.1177/004051756903900109

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The distribution of crosslinks within fiber structures also has an influence. For the same crosslinker content, the crease recovery is greater if there is a uniform distribution of crosslinks through the fiber bulk than if the crosslinks are localized at the fiber surface (Joarder et al 1969;Grant et al 1968;Bertoniere et al 1981). But, a uniform distribution of crosslinks also tends to reduce tensile strength while preserving abrasion resistance, and a greater surface localization of crosslinks preserves the tensile strength but reduces the abrasion resistance (Bertoniere et al 1981;Rowland et al 1983).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alkali pretreatments and crosslinking of lyocell fabrics

et al. 2017

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Lyocell fabrics were pretreated with NaOH, KOH and LiOH and subsequently crosslinked with three urea-formaldehyde based crosslinkers DMDHEU, DMeDHEU and DMU. The mechanical properties varied with the alkali concentration in fabrics crosslinked after pretreatment with 2-8 mol/l NaOH and 4 mol/l LiOH. In fabrics crosslinked after pretreatment with 2-8 mol/l KOH and 1-3 mol/l LiOH, in contrast, the mechanical properties were relatively insensitive to the alkali concentration. The difference in effects is attributed to the alkali influence on the accessibility of crosslinker in fiber structures. The NaOH and 4 mol/l LiOH pretreatments increase the accessibility of crosslinker but the KOH and 1-3 mol/l LiOH pretreatments do not appear to change accessibilities to the same extent. The results underscore the importance of alkali choice and process control in the pretreatments of lyocell. Both NaOH and KOH may be used to good effect. However, lyocell is more sensitive to changes of alkali concentration in NaOH treatments as compared to KOH pretreatments. Thus, the use of NaOH in pretreatments of lyocell will require a greater degree of monitoring and control of alkali concentrations as compared to when KOH is used.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alkali pretreatments and crosslinking of lyocell fabrics

et al. 2017

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“…For the same crosslinker content, better crease recovery is obtained if greater penetration and more uniform distribution of the crosslinker exist through fiber/yarn cross sections than if the crosslinker is restricted to their surfaces. [18][19][20] The dip in CRA values exhibited by the samples pretreated with 4 mol/L NaOH is indicative of high rigidity and low elastic recovery. The large crease recovery improvements in the resin-finished samples pretreated with 4-8 mol/L NaOH may be attributed to the greater penetration of the crosslinker within the fibers and yarns in the samples.…”

Section: Crease Recoverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Alkali pretreatment and resin finishing of lyocell: Effect of sodium hydroxide pretreatments

Kongdee

Manian

Lenninger

et al. 2009

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Lyocell fabric samples were pretreated with 2-8 mol/L sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and then resin-finished with dimethyloldihydroxyethylene urea, dimethyl dihydroxyethylene urea, and dimethylol urea based products. The resin-finishing treatments caused changes in the substrate properties, such as reduced accessibility, improved crease recovery, and reduced work of rupture and abrasion resistance. Differences were observed between resin-finished substrates as a function of the crosslinker type, and they were attributed to the influence of the crosslinker content and crosslink length in the substrates. The alkali pretreatments influenced the effects of resin finishing. A significant enhancement of the crosslinker penetration appeared within the substrates pretreated with 4 mol/L NaOH. Pretreatments with 6 and 8 mol/L NaOH also enhanced the crosslinker penetration, but the depth of catalyst penetration appeared to exceed that of the crosslinker; leading to demixing between the two components within the substrates. The penetration depth of a direct dye, C.I. Direct Red 81, appeared lower than that of the crosslinker in the alkali-pretreated substrates. Pretreatments with NaOH in the range of 4-8 mol/L appeared to create gradients of accessibility within fibers and yarns of lyocell fabrics, with the depth of reagent penetration increasing in the following order: C.I. Direct Red 81 < crosslinker < catalyst.

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“…Until recently, our assessment concerning the relationship between performance and reagent location was that performance was generally improved by uniformity [ 11,18]; however, it is now evident that breaking strength and tearing strength do not.move in the same direction as abrasion resistance with increasing uniformity of reagent residue distribution [2]. Therefore, for our purpose, i.e., understanding how to achieve improved balances of textile performance properties, more information is essential concerning the relationship between textile performance and distribution of crosslinking reagent residues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Fabric Performance Versus Reagent Location from Lick Roller Application of DMDHEU

Rowland

Bertoniere

King

1983

Textile Research Journal

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The balance of textile performance properties and the distribution of crosslinking reagent residues throughout fabric were studied in relation to lick roller application of DMDHEU. Features of the lick roller treated fabric were compared to the conventional pad(immersion)-dry-cure product and to a corresponding product designed to have a high degree of uniformity of reagent residue distribution throughout the thickness of the fabric by minimizing migration. A special Osnaburg-fabric was used to facilitate several aspects of the study including the measurement of distribution of reagent residues. The fabric treated to a high degree of uniformity of reagent residue distribution exhibited substantially higher abrasion resistance than the conventional product when compared at equal levels of durable press appearance rating; it was slightly lower in strength properties. The product from lick roller treatment at optimum liquor pickup approached the high uniformity standard in uniformity of reagent residue distribution throughout the fabric thickness and in abrasion resistance. In breaking strength, tearing strength, and elongation (especially in the warp), this product from lick roller treatment performed close to the high uniformity standard. The performance of another product from lick roller treatment that involved lower liquor pickup is also described, Performance properties and distributions of reagent residues are discussed in detail.

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An Uncatalyzed, Vapor-Phase Cross-Linking Reaction of Cotton Cellulose with Formaldehyde

Cited by 15 publications

References 18 publications

Alkali pretreatments and crosslinking of lyocell fabrics

Alkali pretreatments and crosslinking of lyocell fabrics

Alkali pretreatment and resin finishing of lyocell: Effect of sodium hydroxide pretreatments

Assessment of Fabric Performance Versus Reagent Location from Lick Roller Application of DMDHEU

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