An ultrastructural study on spicule formation in the pennatulid colony Renilla reniformis

Dunkelberger, Dana G.; Watabe, Norimitsu

doi:10.1016/0040-8166(74)90001-9

Cited by 34 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 11 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…3c, d). The immunostaining was confined to the residual cytoplasm surrounding the mature, lollipop-shaped spicule (Dunkelburger and Watabe 1974). In the ectoderm, strong Tau IR was present in numerous nematocytes of the tentacles, especially at the tip of their pinnules (Fig.…”

Section: Taurine-like Immunoreactivity (Tau Ir)mentioning

confidence: 96%

Neuronal and nonneuronal taurine-like immunoreactivity in the sea pansy, Renilla koellikeri (Cnidaria, Anthozoa)

Anctil

Minh

1997

Cell and Tissue Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A quantitative evaluation of putative amino acid neurotransmitters in sea pansy polyps by high-performance liquid chromatography indicates that the taurine content exceeds that of other amino acids by a 100-fold. The cellular source of this taurine was investigated by immunohistochemistry with two polyclonal antisera raised in rabbit, one against a glutaraldehyde-polylysine-taurine conjugate and the other against a succinylated ovalbumin-carbodiimide-taurine conjugate. Taurine-immunoreactive neurons were localized in a perioral subectodermal nerve net and in the zooid nerve net of the endodermal retractor muscle of the polyp mesenteries. Double labeling experiments revealed that taurine immunostaining does not colocalize with Phe-Mat-Ang-Phe -NH2 FMRFamide immunoreactivity. In addition, strong taurine immunoreactivity was found in nematocytes and other ectodermal cells, in myoepithelial cell bodies of the endoderm, and in calcareous spicule-producing cells of the colonial tissue mass. The limited distribution of neuronal taurine immunostaining to nerve nets associated with muscle systems subtending autozooid polyp retraction supports a role for taurine as a neuromuscular transmitter for this protective reflex. In contrast, the widespread distribution of taurine immunoreactivity in nematocytes and in other nonneuronal cells points to additional cellular functions of taurine, one of which may be to mediate responses to osmotic or metabolic stress.

show abstract

Section: Taurine-like Immunoreactivity (Tau Ir)mentioning

confidence: 96%

Neuronal and nonneuronal taurine-like immunoreactivity in the sea pansy, Renilla koellikeri (Cnidaria, Anthozoa)

Anctil

Minh

1997

Cell and Tissue Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Kawaguti (1964, 1969 and Kawaguti & Kamishina (1973) studied sclerite formation in alcyonacean and gorgonacean species with the transmission electron microscope (TEM). Important results on ultrastructural changes in cellular organization during sclerite formation have also been obtained by Dunkelberger & Watabe (1974) on a pennatulacean and Kingsley & Watabe (1982) on a gorgonacean. However, the internal ultrastructural features of the sclerites have only been given fleeting attention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Structural investigations of octocoral sclerites

Majoran

1987

Zoologica Scripta

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A common structural pattern (as observed under the SEM) in the main body of sectioned sclerites of the family Alcyoniidae, and octocorals in general, is the arrangement of acicular crystals in concentric layers. The crystals roughly follow the direction of the spicule axis, however, the sectioned tubercles of large Sinularia spicules have the acicular crystals oriented in the direction of the tubercles (i.e. perpendicular to the spicule axis), contrary to the sectioned tubercles of Sarcophyton and Lobophytum spicules. They reveal some rod‐like structures, furcating the acute processes at the top of the tubercles. Sectioned small, club‐like Sinularia sclerites show numerous tiny acicular crystals, oriented with their long axes at a fairly constant degree of inclination around a central axis. SEM studies of sectioned Cladiella sclerites show a granulate structure organized in concentric layers, but lacking acicular crystals. The Silurian Atractosella cataractaca show important characters in common with Recent alcyoniid species.

show abstract

“…These crystals are typically oriented parallel to the axis of the sclerites. Newly synthesized crystals are added on the surface of the sclerite seen as growth rings in a cross section (Bond,2005; Dunkelberger and Watabe,1974; Marjoran,1987; Noe and Dullo,2006). Granular crystals in the range of 1–2 μm diameter are the second most common type (Bond,2005; Noe and Dullo,2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of distribution of calcite crystals in soft corals sclerites

Tentori

Ofwegen

2011

Journal of Morphology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The gross morphology of soft coral surface sclerites has been studied for taxonomic purposes for over a century. In contrast, sclerites located deep in the core of colonies have not received attention. Some soft coral groups develop massive colonies, in these organisms tissue depth can limit light penetration and circulation of internal fluids affecting the physiology of coral tissues and their symbiotic algae; such conditions have the potential to create contrasting calcifying conditions. To test this idea, we analyzed the crystal structure of sclerites extracted from different colony regions in selected specimens of zooxanthellate and azooxanthellate soft corals with different colony morphologies, these were: Sarcophyton mililatensis, Sinularia capillosa, Sinularia flexibilis, Dendronephthya sp. and Ceeceenus levis. We found that the crystals that constitute polyp sclerites differ from those forming stalk sclerites. We also observed different crystals in sclerites located at various depths in the stalk including signs of sclerite breakdown in the stalk core region. These results indicate different modes of calcification within each colonial organism analyzed and illustrate the complexity of organisms usually regarded as repetitive morphological and functional units. Our study indicates that soft corals are ideal material to study natural gradients of calcification conditions.

show abstract

An ultrastructural study on spicule formation in the pennatulid colony Renilla reniformis

Cited by 34 publications

References 11 publications

Neuronal and nonneuronal taurine-like immunoreactivity in the sea pansy, Renilla koellikeri (Cnidaria, Anthozoa)

Neuronal and nonneuronal taurine-like immunoreactivity in the sea pansy, Renilla koellikeri (Cnidaria, Anthozoa)

Structural investigations of octocoral sclerites

Patterns of distribution of calcite crystals in soft corals sclerites

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About