An ultrastructural study of menstrual blood in normal menstruation and dysfunctional uterine bleeding

Sheppard, B. L.; Dockeray, C. J.; Bonnar, J.

doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.1983.tb08621.x

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In skin wounds large amounts of fibrin are deposited both inside and outside torn blood vessels (Webster et al 1979), but fibrin fibres are observed inside the blood vessels of the endometrium only during menstruation (Sixma et al 1980). Menstrual fluid contains fibrin and fibrin degradation products but no fibrinogen (Sheppard et al 1983). Women with dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) have increased fibrinolytic activity in their menses compared to controls, but peripheral fibrinolytic activity is unaltered (Bonnar et al 1982).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endometrial fibrinolytic enzymes in women with normal menstruation and dysfunctional uterine bleeding

Gleeson

Devitt²,

Sheppard³

et al. 1993

BJOG

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Objective To study fibrinolysis in the endometrium in women with normal menstruation and dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB). Design Tissue plasminogen activator activity (t‐PA) and antigen (t‐PAAg) and plasminogen activator inhibitor Type 1 antigen (PAI‐1) were measured in homogenates of endometrium sampled between 24 and 36 h after the onset of menstruation. Subjects Women complaining of menorrhagia who had negative findings at clinical examination and curettage had their menstrual blood loss (MBL) measured from the third cycle after D&C. Those with MBL greater than 80 ml per cycle formed the DUB group. Measurements Fibrinolytic enzyme antigen levels were measured with ELISAs. Tissue plasminogen activator activity was assayed by measuring the rate of conversion of Glu‐plasminogen to plasmin, using a chromogenic plasmin substrate. Conclusions There is a strong positive correlation between endometrial t‐PA activity on the second day of menstruation and measured menstrual loss (P<0.05). Concentrations of endometrial t‐PAAg and PAI‐1 antigen are higher in women with DUB compared with normal women during menstruation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endometrial fibrinolytic enzymes in women with normal menstruation and dysfunctional uterine bleeding

Gleeson

Devitt²,

Sheppard³

et al. 1993

BJOG

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“…Our findings that they are unable to aggregate and metabolize arachidonic acid via the cyclo-oxygenase pathway support this suggestion, but since we collected menstrual fluid from the vagina rather than from the uterine cavity, lack of platelet activity could be due to some effect from cervical or vaginal secretions. On the other hand, ultrastructural studies of platelets collected from both the uterine cavity and the vagina show that they are largely devoid of dense granules (Christiaens et al 1981;Sheppard et al 1983). Furthermore since degranulated platelets have also been observed in endometrial haemostatic plugs, platelets found in menstrual fluid inside the uterus have probably been involved in a coagulation process there (Christiaens et al 1980).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A functional study of platelets in menstrual fluid

Rees

Demers

Anderson

et al. 1984

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Summary. Platelets were isolated from menstrual and peripheral venous blood samples taken from nine women during the first 2 days of menstruation. The washed platelets were tested for their ability to aggregate in response to arachidonic acid, ADP, and collagen, and to metabolize arachidonic acid. Menstrual platelets differed from venous platelets in (1) failing to aggregate when challenged with aggregatory stimuli and (2) producing no appreciable cyclo‐oxygenase products from arachidonic acid as reflected in thromboxane B2 release. However, incubation of peripheral venous platelets with menstrual serum obtained from the same patients induced aggregation. The responses of menstrual and peripheral venous platelets were the same irrespective of the patients’ total menstrual blood loss. Uterine venous platelets collected during menstruation from two patients at hysterectomy aggregated normally and produced thromboxane B2.

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“…In ovulatory DUB, endometrial histology can vary from proliferative and secretory to menstrual-type. The causes of ovulatory DUB have not been well defined, but some theories suggest a loss or change in endometrial hemostasis, [13][14][15] and alterations in the synthesis and release of prostaglandins are key etiological factors. [16][17][18] Uterine vascular …”

Section: Dysfunctional Uterine Bleedingmentioning

confidence: 98%