An Ultrasensitive Ti₃C₂T_x MXene‐based Soft Contact Lens for Continuous and Nondestructive Intraocular Pressure Monitoring

Abstract

Wearable soft contact lens sensors for continuous and nondestructive intraocular pressure (IOP) monitoring are highly desired as glaucoma and postoperative myopia patients grow, especially as the eyestrain crowd increases. Herein, a smart closed‐loop system is presented that combines a Ti3C2Tx MXene‐based soft contact lens (MX‐CLS) sensor, wireless data transmission units, display, and warning components to realize continuous and nondestructive IOP monitoring/real‐time display. The fabricated MX‐CLS device exhibits an extremely high sensitivity of 7.483 mV mmHg−1, good linearity on silicone eyeballs, excellent stability under long‐term pressure‐release measurement, sufficient transparency with 67.8% transmittance under visible illumination, and superior biocompatibility with no discomfort when putting the MX‐CLS sensor onto the Rabbit eyes. After integrating with the wireless module, users can realize real‐time monitoring and warning of IOP via smartphones, the demonstrated MX‐CLS device together with the IOP monitoring/display system opens up promising platforms for Ti3C2Tx materials as the base for multifunctional contact lens‐based sensors and continuous and nondestructive IOP measurement system.

Eye-wearable Ti3C2Tx MXene-based micro-supercapacitor as a power unit for intraocular pressure applications

“…15,16 Therefore, fabricating wearable ocular devices for continuous IOP monitoring could help prevent glaucoma through early detection and avoid vision loss. 17,18 To meet the requirement of continuous IOP monitoring, the wearable ocular devices must at least comprise two components, namely, energy supply and IOP sensor. 19 Recently, Park et al reported on a hemispherical integrated sensing system to detect the IOP change, where the rigid chip is introduced in the integrated system to power the IOP strain sensor.…”

A Novel Implantable Piezoresistive Microsensor for Intraocular Pressure Measurement

“…Instead, we fabricated a piezoresistive sensor using the principle of a four-wire resistance measurement. Compared to wheatstone bridge piezoresistive sensors, 18 this piezoresistive sensor based on the four-wire method is simple and can eliminate interference of wire resistance, especially for measuring very small resistance. Through testing, we found that the sensor showed excellent sensitivity, linearity, stability, reversibility, and high accuracy.…”

“…Due to this emerging need, a variety of wearable and implantable IOP sensors have been proposed. − Among them, IOP sensors based on microfluidic technology have become an emerging branch in this field. This is because these sensors are typically made from elastic materials such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) , and Ecoflex, which offer natural advantages in terms of flexibility, biocompatibility, and breathability, making them ideal for the fabrication of biosensors.…”