An ultra‐low‐power, low‐noise tunable electrocardiogram amplifier

Abstract

Summary The objective of this research work is to propose an innovative low‐power, low‐noise, tunable three‐stage capacitive instrumentation amplifier, capable of receiving and magnifying the electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. This is done by adding an extra stage to the second stage of the conventional capacitive instrumentation amplifier. The results show similar midband gain with lesser capacitor usage and smaller chip occupancy area with provision of concurrent tunable gain and bandwidth. The proposed amplifier is designed and implemented using TSMC 0.18‐μm CMOS technology scale under a 1‐V supply voltage with the simulation process carried out using Cadence Virtuoso tool. Post‐layout simulation results show that the amplifier has a tunable midband gain of 55 to 65.6 dB, low‐cutoff frequency tuned from 377 mHz to 4.5 Hz and high‐cutoff frequency tuned from 86.8 to 263.6 Hz. The simulated value of the input‐referred noise and noise efficiency factor (NEF) of the amplifier are 9.6 μVrms and 6.1, respectively, with the total power consumption of 71.2 nW.

Visual Electrocardiogram Synchronization Monitor Using Perovskite-Based Multicolor Light-Emitting Diodes

“…Electrocardiogram (ECG), a response to these types of diseases, records the change of electrical signals during the heartbeat. ECG is useful in detecting heart abnormalities, which include arrhythmia, conduction disorders, myocardial ischemia, and metabolic disturbances. − Today, the standard ECG machines in clinic are used to accurately detect cardiac abnormalities for diagnostic purposes. The ECG monitors have also been widely integrated into personal smart devices like smart watches, fitness trackers, and smartphones, offering convenience for users to know how well their heart is working.…”