An Ultra-Low Phase-Noise 20-GHz PLL Utilizing an Optoelectronic Voltage-Controlled Oscillator

Bluestone, Aaron; Spencer, Daryl T.; Srinivasan, Sudharsanan; Guerra, Danielle; Bowers, John E.; Theogarajan, Luke

doi:10.1109/tmtt.2015.2397890

Cited by 23 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The analog voltage-controlled phase shifter is typical in adjusting the cavity length in the PLL-based OEO. In [51], A. Bluestone et al proposed a novel voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) which is an OEO utilizing phase-locked loop architecture as shown in Figure 14. The OEO demonstrated excellent phase-noise performance at high-offset frequencies, while the PLL reduces the phase noise at low-offset frequencies.…”

Section: Frequency Stabilizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stable and Low-Spurs Optoelectronic Oscillators: A Review

Liu

Dai

2018

Applied Sciences

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An optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) is an optoelectronic hybrid oscillator which utilizes ultra-low loss fiber as an electro-magnetic energy storage element, overcoming the limits of traditional microwave oscillators in phase noise performance. Due to their ability to generate ultra-low phase noise microwave signal, optoelectronic oscillators have attracted considerable attentions and are becoming one of the most promising and powerful microwave signal sources. In this paper, we briefly introduce the operation principle and discuss current research on frequency stability and spurious suppression of optoelectronic oscillators.

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Section: Frequency Stabilizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stable and Low-Spurs Optoelectronic Oscillators: A Review

Liu

Dai

2018

Applied Sciences

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“…In most cases, the PLL is combined with injection locking; either external-injection locking of the OEO to the reference carrier [6] or self-injection locking of the OEO to a delayed replica of the oscillation [7,8]. The latter category encompasses dual loop OEO [5] and more generally multi-loop OEOs as a large self-injection level special case. The theoretical models disclosed to describe these architectural variations, in respect of injection locking, reduce to the differential equations of Adler (weak injection) [9] or Paciorek (strong injection) [10], and, in respect of the PLL reduce to the classical model in which the voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) is treated as an integrator.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…a phase integrator). Most often no account is taken of the delay albeit [3] accounts for the delays of the loops in the discriminator that provides the self-referencing and [5] use a second order Padé approximation to model an input delay to the integrator model of the VCO. The multimode operation and long delay is fundamental to the neuromorphic application of a broadband OEO as a reservoir computer [12,13] but this paper is concerned with the OEO as a source of pristine RF carriers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the stability & phase locking to a system reference of an optoelectronic oscillator with large delay

Hasan¹

2020

Preprint

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“…A variety of architectures and approaches to locking an OEO to a system reference have been disclosed in the literature [3][4][5][6][7][8] . In most cases, the PLL is combined with injection locking; either external-injection locking of the OEO to the reference carrier 6 or self-injection locking of the OEO to a delayed replica of the oscillation 7,8 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In most cases, the PLL is combined with injection locking; either external-injection locking of the OEO to the reference carrier 6 or self-injection locking of the OEO to a delayed replica of the oscillation 7,8 . The latter category encompasses dual loop OEOs 5 and more generally multi-loop OEOs as a large self-injection level special case. The theoretical models disclosed to describe these architectural variations neglect the multimode character of the OEO.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

On the stability & phase locking to a system reference of an optoelectronic oscillator with large delay

Hasan

Nicholls

Hall

2023

Sci Rep

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Delay line oscillators based on photonic components, offer the potential for realization of phase noise levels up to 3 orders of magnitude lower than achievable by conventional microwave sources. Fibreoptic-based delay lines can realize the large delay required for low phase noise systems whilst simultaneously achieving insertion loss levels that can be compensated with available microwave and photonic amplification technologies. Multimode operation is an artefact of the delay line oscillator and introduces modulational instability into phase-locked control loops. An optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) with large delay under proportional integral control by a phase-locked loop (PLL) is modelled, providing the first report of the location of all the infinity of poles of the PLL-OEO system function. The first experimental observation of giant phase modulated oscillation of a free OEO and spontaneous giant phase modulated oscillation of a PLL-OEO are also reported and explained respectively as a source and manifestation of modulational instability. Nevertheless, the analysis and experimental observations, including a prototype 10 GHz PLL-OEO phase noise spectral density achieving $$ - 80dBc/Hz {\text{at}} 10 Hz$$ - 80 d B c / H z at 10 H z and $$- 145dBc/Hz {\text{at}} 10 kHz$$ - 145 d B c / H z at 10 k H z , demonstrate that stable phase lock operation and optimum phase noise performance is achievable provided full account of the multimode nature of the OEO is taken in the phase lock analysis.

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An Ultra-Low Phase-Noise 20-GHz PLL Utilizing an Optoelectronic Voltage-Controlled Oscillator

Cited by 23 publications

References 16 publications

Stable and Low-Spurs Optoelectronic Oscillators: A Review

Stable and Low-Spurs Optoelectronic Oscillators: A Review

On the stability & phase locking to a system reference of an optoelectronic oscillator with large delay

On the stability & phase locking to a system reference of an optoelectronic oscillator with large delay

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