An Ultra-Compact 28 GHz Arc-Shaped Millimeter-Wave Antenna for 5G Application

Abstract

The 5th generation (5G) network was planned to provide a fast, stable, and future-proof mobile communication network to existing society. This research presents a highly compact arc shape structure antenna resonating at 28 GHz for prospective millimeter-wave purposes in the 5G frequency spectrum. The circular monopole antenna is designed with a radius of 1.3 mm. An elliptical slot on the radiating plane aids in achieving an enhanced bandwidth resonating at the frequency of 28 GHz. Including an elliptical slot creates new resonance and helps improve the bandwidth. The antenna has an ultra-compact dimension of 5 × 3 × 1.6 mm3, which corresponds to an electrical length of 0.46λ × 0.28λ × 0.14λ, where λ is free space wavelength at the resonant frequency. The projected antenna has an impedance bandwidth of 15.73% (25.83–30.24 GHz). The antenna has a good radiation efficiency of 89%, and the average gain is almost 4 dB over the entire impedance bandwidth. The simulated and experimental S11 findings are in good agreement.

RBFNN-based UWB 4 × 4 MIMO antenna design with compact size, high isolation, and improved diversity performance for millimeter-wave 5G applications

“…The antenna works at 28GHz, with a fractional bandwidth of 14% (3.89 GHz), a gain of 5.9dB, and a dimension of 15 × 10 mm 2 . Reference [8] depicts a simple and small microstrip patch antenna with an elliptical slot for 5G applications at 28 GHz. The suggested antenna has a wider bandwidth of 4.41 GHz, a high reflection coefficient of 27.85 dB, a gain more than 4 dB across the operating band, and a dimension of 5 × 3 mm 2 .…”

Miniaturized Quad-Port Conformal Multi-Band (QPC-MB) MIMO Antenna for On-Body Wireless Systems in Microwave-Millimeter Bands

“…This literature discusses various microwave-millimeter wave application antennae with conformal capabilities and controllable SAR. A compact 28.0GHz antenna with an arc-shaped patch provides an impedance bandwidth of 25.83GHz-30.24GHz [1]. Also, a slotted square patch with an embedded Tshaped stub and defective ground resonates at 28.0GHz with a gain of 11.50dBi and 94% efficiency [2].…”

Ultra-Wideband Vivaldi Antennas Designed on an Economical Substrate for 5G Base Stations

“…The popular strategy to mitigate path loss and absorption losses at millimeter wave frequencies is to simultaneously enhance gains of the antenna system at the transmitting and receiving ends. In other words, the path loss issue could be resolved by increasing the gain of the antenna at the mobile device and the base station [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. The available space to integrate antennas is very limited in the mobile terminal, hence antennas with high aperture efficiency have to be designed and incorporated.…”

“…Even though the antenna presented in [6] is compact, the gain and pattern integrity is compromised. Antennas presented in [7][8][9].…”

“…As far as possible, please keep the introduction comprehensible to scientists outside your particular field of research. References should be numbered in order of appearance and indicated by a numeral or numerals in square brackets-e.g., [1] or [2,3], or [4][5][6]. See the end of the document for further details on references.…”