An STPA-based formal composition framework for trustworthy autonomous maritime systems

Dghaym, Dana; Hoang, Thai Son; Turnock, S.R.; Butler, Michael; Downes, J; Pritchard, Ben

doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2020.105139

Cited by 30 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Dghaym et al [7] propose a framework for eliciting mission requirements for squads of autonomous missions. They use and refined the methodology proposed by Howard et al [15] to formalize the critical requirements identified with Event-B models.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, there have been significant advances in assessing the information identified in the STPA analysis through the combination of STPA with NuSMV [5], UPPAAL [6], or Event-B [7]. Although these approaches provide ways to support the safety assessment of the systems, they rely on the expertise of the designer in UPPAAL, Event-B, or NuSMV.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis of a Controller Algorithm for Safety-Critical Systems

2022

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Systems of today are becoming more complex; they have many levels of the control hierarchy, are software-intensive, use different networks, have increasing processing power, use a diversity of devices, and require more integration. Systems-Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) is a technique that is being used to analyze the safety of those systems at the concept stage. For the design phase, STPA can be combined with SysML modeling activities, including simulation and formal verification of systems models to produce the control software more efficiently. However, for the design phase, when starting from the STPA analysis there is no support to elaborate the control algorithm. Building the control algorithm is one of the most difficult tasks in the design phase. We propose a method to synthesize the control algorithm for safetycritical systems from the STPA analyses and the functional requirements. Our method maps the control structure (STPA) into a block diagram (SysML), and it uses the STPA results to generate an initial state machine diagram (SysML) for automated controllers, actuators, and sensors. We use our method to generate the control algorithms for an Adaptive Cruise Control system. We evaluate the synthesized algorithms by performing model simulation and formal verification. This illustrates that our method is a systematic way to synthesize control algorithms that satisfy both safety and functional requirements.INDEX TERMS Safety, Systems Modeling Language, Model checking, Control system synthesis, System analysis and design.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of a Controller Algorithm for Safety-Critical Systems

2022

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“…However, it is impossible to face all unknown conditions by automation instead of human involvement, as many real-world problems are complex. In order to answer the question definitely, some studies have attempted to develop an in-depth analysis [2][3][4][5]13,14]. An interesting common point is considered-the contribution to the risk caused by different levels of autonomy.…”

Section: Literature Review 21 Autonomous Vessel Operation Risksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autonomous Vessels in the Yangtze River: A Study on the Maritime Accidents Using Data-Driven Bayesian Networks

Zhao

Yuan

2021

Sustainability

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The prototypes of autonomous vessels are expected to come into service within the coming years, but safety concerns remain due to complex traffic and natural conditions (e.g., Yangtze River). However, the response of autonomous vessels to potential accidents is still uncertain. The accident prevention for autonomous vessels is unconvincing due to the lack of objective studies on the causation analysis for maritime accidents. This paper constitutes an attempt to cover the aforementioned gap by studying the potential causations for maritime accidents in the Yangtze River by using a Bayesian-based network training approach. More than two hundred accidents reported between 2013 and 2019 in the Yangtze River are collected. As a result, a Bayesian network (BN) is successfully established to describe the causations among different risk influencing factors. By analysing the BN, this study reveals that the occurrence of maritime accidents (e.g., collision, grounding) can be expected to reduce with the development of autonomous vessels as the crews are removed. However, the extent of the consequences from some accidents (e.g., fire, critical weathers) could be more serious than conventional ones. Therefore, more attention and thoughts are needed to ensure the safe navigation of autonomous vessels in the Yangtze River.

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“…When providing security services, three types of UA can be used: in the air -UA, in water -unmanned underwater vehicle, on land -unmanned surface vehicle. These three types of devices or groups of devices can be controlled in one system, or each group can have a separate, autonomous control system (Dghaym, et al, 2021).…”

Section: Uas Historical Experiencementioning

confidence: 99%

Possibilities and Restrictions on the Use of Unmanned Aircraft Systems in Security Work in Latvia

Veinbergs

Kisnica

2021

EIS

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Unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) have become available not only in the military environment, but to every member of society. They can be effectively used in security work, although, if used unprofessionally, UA can pose a threat to the public or the protected object. The aim of the article is to find evidence that the use of UA for the protection of a security object can be of a technical nature. With the introduction of UA as a part of technical equipment for security work, it would be possible to immediately inspect the guarded object and track and/ or detain persons with criminal intent, or transfer the data obtained by the video camera recording system to the State Police. The primary data of the research was collected using the survey method, where the general set of research was compiled by security companies that have received the required license for the provision of Technical Security by the State Police. The experience of using UAV in Latvia and in the international environment has been analysed using the case study method; secondary data has been obtained from statistical databases and scientific literature, as well as from publicly available sources. The results of the research theoretically reflect the effectiveness of the use of UA and UAS in security work, which will provide an opportunity to reasonably conduct practical research in the security industry environment.

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An STPA-based formal composition framework for trustworthy autonomous maritime systems

Cited by 30 publications

References 17 publications

Synthesis of a Controller Algorithm for Safety-Critical Systems

Synthesis of a Controller Algorithm for Safety-Critical Systems

Autonomous Vessels in the Yangtze River: A Study on the Maritime Accidents Using Data-Driven Bayesian Networks

Possibilities and Restrictions on the Use of Unmanned Aircraft Systems in Security Work in Latvia

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