An RGB-emitting molecular cocktail for the detection of bacterial fingerprints

Abstract

A technique named the Microcolor system was developed to detect microbes and diagnose diseases based on changes in microbiota signatures.

Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy of Bacterial Metabolites for Bacterial Growth Monitoring and Diagnosis of Viral Infection

“…Many bacterial metabolites are low-molecular-weight compounds and accordingly gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (MS), liquid chromatography–MS, and their derivatives are often used for metabolite detection. − However, despite their accurate and robust utility, these conventional methods are complex, time-consuming, expensive, and are inappropriate for rapid point of care or real-time measurements. Recently, colorimetric and electrochemical methods have been developed to enable precise in situ metabolite detection. − These newer detection methods are often designed for targeted sensing that may hinder their capacity to detect unknown chemical species within complex metabolite mixtures. Accordingly, new strategies for the detection of bacterial metabolites are attracting significant attention.…”

Metabolism-Triggered Colorimetric Sensor Array for Fingerprinting and Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing of Bacteria

“…More interestingly, the array also can subsequently conduct AST based on the specific metabolic behaviors of bacteria themselves. d -Amino acids ( d -AA) are part of peptidoglycan of the bacterial cell wall. , Exogenous d -AA from the surrounding medium can be specifically metabolized into their peptidoglycan by bacteria (details shown in Figure S1), while mammalian cells, fungi, or other substances cannot. − Inspired by this, herein, a unique colorimetric sensor array for bacteria differentiation and AST was constructed with three kinds of d -AA ( d -alanine ( d -Ala), d -2,3-diaminopropionic acid ( d -Dap), and d -glutamate ( d -Glu))-functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as probes (Au/ d -Ala, Au/ d -Dap, and Au/ d -Glu) (Scheme ). When exogenous d -AA on the AuNPs surface is incorporated by bacteria into their peptidoglycan via displacing the terminal d -AA of the oligopeptide strand due to the enzymatic promiscuity of bacterial d , d -transpeptidases, ,, AuNPs would become unstable and eventually aggregate (Scheme a).…”

One-Component Multichannel Sensor Array for Rapid Identification of Bacteria

“…Fluorescent analysis techniques with high sensitivity has been widely applied in the field of sensing. , Conventional sensors based on the “lock and key” mechanism have difficulty in achieving simultaneous detection of multiple analytes, especially for the detection of analytes with highly similar structures in complex media, such as distinguishing multiple bacteria in biological samples. − Array-based sensing systems that mimic mammalian olfactory and taste systems, which allow for the parallel detection of multiple analytes based on cross-reactive artificial receptors, have attracted extensive attention . Sensor arrays can perform fingerprint recognition of individual analytes according to the differences in physicochemical properties, which is particularly advantageous in distinguishing analytes with similar structures and properties in complex environments. − At present, several research efforts have been reported regarding array-based detection of multiple pathogenic microorganisms. − Sensor array-based detection of bacteria covers a variety of recognition mechanisms, such as differences in the composition of volatile gases of bacteria or differences in physicochemical properties of bacteria and their metabolites. − …”