An RCT of Virtual Reality Job Interview Training for Individuals With Serious Mental Illness in IPS Supported Employment

Smith, Matthew J.; Smith, Justin D.; Blajeski, Shannon; Ross, Brittany; Jordan, Neil; Bell, Morris D.; McGurk, Susan R.; Mueser, Kim T.; Burke-Miller, Jane K.; Oulvey, Eugene; Fleming, Michael F.; Nelson, Karley; Brown, Alan; Pashka, Nicole; Razzano, Lisa A.

doi:10.1176/appi.ps.202100516

Cited by 17 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 60 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Medium-to-large effect size improvements were observed in overall skill, comfort level, discussing a prior conviction, hard worker, works well with others, communicates in a positive way, sounds interested, and sounds professional. Overall, the results are consistent with prior RCTs of VR-JIT efficacy and effectiveness in non-justice-involved populations (e.g., Smith, Ginger, Wright, Wright, Humm, et al, 2014; Smith, Sherwood, et al, 2021; Smith, Smith, et al, 2022). Thus, this study provides initial evidence that VR-JIT could potentially fill a critical gap in evidence-based practices needed to support returning citizens preparing to reenter the community.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…We used a t test to evaluate between-group differences among the employed participants for number of days to obtain employment, hourly wage, and hours worked per week. Notably, all effectiveness outcomes were evaluated with one-tailed tests given the previously demonstrated efficacy and effectiveness of virtual interview training (e.g., Smith, Ginger, Wright, Wright, Humm, et al, 2014; Smith, Sherwood, et al, 2021; Smith, Smith, et al, 2022). Finally, we used Pearson correlations (or point biserial with dichotomous variables) to explore whether VR-JIT performance was correlated with the effectiveness outcomes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, most have been limited to small pilot or noncontrolled studies. Meanwhile, the nonimmersive, Virtual Reality Job Interview Training (VR-JIT) and its adaptation for youth have emerged from these initial studies with the strongest empirical evidence to date in more rigorous studies (Smith, Sherwood, et al, 2021; Smith, Sherwood, et al, 2022; Smith, Smith, et al, 2021; Smith, Smith, et al, 2022…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Virtual Reality Job Interview Training for Adults Receiving Prison-Based Employment Services: A Randomized Controlled Feasibility and Initial Effectiveness Trial

Smith¹,

Parham²,

Mitchell³

et al. 2022

Criminal Justice and Behavior

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Returning citizens struggle to obtain employment after release from prison and navigating job interviews is a critical barrier they encounter. Implementing evidence-based interview training is a major gap in prison-based vocational services. We conducted a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to evaluate the feasibility and initial effectiveness of Virtual Reality Job Interview Training (VR-JIT) within two prisons. Forty-four male returning citizens were randomized to receive service-as-usual (SAU) with VR-JIT (SAU + VR-JIT, n = 28) or SAU ( n = 16). Participants reported VR-JIT was highly acceptable and usable. SAU + VR-JIT, compared with SAU, had significant improvements (with large effect sizes) in interview skills, interview training motivation, and interview anxiety (all p < .05; [Formula: see text] > .15), and greater employment by 6-month follow-up (odds ratio [OR] = 7.4, p = .045). VR-JIT can potentially help fill a major gap in prison-based services. Future research is needed to validate VR-JIT effectiveness and evaluate VR-JIT implementation strategies within prisons.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Virtual Reality Job Interview Training for Adults Receiving Prison-Based Employment Services: A Randomized Controlled Feasibility and Initial Effectiveness Trial

Smith¹,

Parham²,

Mitchell³

et al. 2022

Criminal Justice and Behavior

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…IPS is an evidence-based model of supported employment but not all service users achieve positive outcomes ( 61 ). Preliminary findings suggested that IPS non-responders benefited from VR-JIT as shown by higher employment rates within a shorter time, compared to non-responders receiving IPS only ( 60 ). Therefore, augmenting an evidence-based program with AR or VR sessions appeared to enhance the effectiveness of the program.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using Experience Sampling Method (ESM) to track actual time spent with others, the authors found a treatment effect on objective real-world social participation ( 47 ). Similarly, the Virtual Reality Job Interview Training (VR-JIT) was also recently incorporated into an Individual Placement and Support (IPS) service ( 60 ). IPS is an evidence-based model of supported employment but not all service users achieve positive outcomes ( 61 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of virtual reality and augmented reality in psychosocial rehabilitation for adults with neurodevelopmental disorders: A systematic review

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ObjectivesVirtual reality and augmented reality have been used in psychosocial rehabilitation for adults with neurodevelopmental disorders in recent years, to provide functional training in a scaffolded and appealing manner. This systematic review attempted to evaluate (1) how virtual reality or augmented reality technology was deployed, when used as an intervention for adults with neurodevelopmental disorders; and (2) how virtual or augmented reality-assisted psychosocial rehabilitation programs impacted on the functional domains of community living, employment and social participation.MethodsThe Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines was adopted and a search of publications between June 2012 and June 2022 was carried out. The target groups were adults with schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorders, autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disabilities and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Interventions that targeted at least one functional domain were included.ResultsThe database search generated 1,267 records and 38 studies met the inclusion criteria. Three studies utilized augmented reality while the rest utilized virtual reality. The virtual scenarios were displayed in various ways, such as head-mounted displays, computer screens, mobile devices and cave rooms. A few studies also used features such as speech recognition, eye tracking and motion-capture device to provide real-time feedback to participants during rehabilitation. Eleven studies reported interventions that addressed community living, 15 studies addressed vocational skills and nine studies trained participants in social skills or social cognition. Three studies sought to improve quality of life using virtual scenarios to expose participants to various situations. Majority of these studies reported preliminary promising results, with improvement in the functional domains addressed. However, several studies had small sample sizes and many single-arm pretest-posttest studies were assessed to be of serious or critical risk of bias.ConclusionVirtual reality and augmented reality are deployed in various ways to augment psychosocial rehabilitation for adults with neurodevelopmental disorders. Most interventions target skills training or strategy learning in the areas of community living, work and social participation. Preliminary positive findings of their effects on functional performance were reported. Larger and robust studies using ecologically valid outcome measures will be needed to establish their effects on real-world functional outcomes.Systematic review registrationidentifier: CRD42022335443.

show abstract

The effectiveness of virtual reality training on social skills in education: A meta-analysis

Li,

Hu,

Yang

et al. 2024

Educ Inf Technol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

An RCT of Virtual Reality Job Interview Training for Individuals With Serious Mental Illness in IPS Supported Employment

Cited by 17 publications

References 60 publications

Virtual Reality Job Interview Training for Adults Receiving Prison-Based Employment Services: A Randomized Controlled Feasibility and Initial Effectiveness Trial

Virtual Reality Job Interview Training for Adults Receiving Prison-Based Employment Services: A Randomized Controlled Feasibility and Initial Effectiveness Trial

The use of virtual reality and augmented reality in psychosocial rehabilitation for adults with neurodevelopmental disorders: A systematic review

The effectiveness of virtual reality training on social skills in education: A meta-analysis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About