An Overview on the Role of Macular Xanthophylls in Ocular Diseases

Abstract

Macula lutea, is the center of the retina of the eye, contains high concentrations of lutein and zeaxanthin which can act as a filter against short-wavelength (blue) light. Lutein and zeaxanthin are the only carotenoids detected in human lens which exhibit highly strong free radical scavenging activity. Many epidemiological studies, clinical trials, animal experiments have suggested that lutein and zeaxanthin have antiinflammatory potential with their high antioxidant properties. Several eye diseases including, age-related macular degeneration, uveitis and retinitis pigmentosa are caused by ocular inflammation. Some studies have shown that lutein and zeaxanthin could be protective, curative and preventive against ocular inflammation induced diseases and other ocular disorders such as cataract, glaucoma and choroideremia. The mechanisms responsible for these effects are absorption of near-ultraviolet and blue light, reduction of oxidative stress, inflammation and angiogenesis. Lutein and zeaxanthin can be taken from dietary supplements or a diet high in fruits, vegetables such as kale, spinach and turnip greens. The aim of this review is to evaluate the relationship between the consumption of lutein and zeaxanthin and eye diseases.

Dietary supplements and drugs available in India along with the mechanism of action and clinical trial data for the medical management of age related macular degeneration (AMD)

“…Under dietary supplements we have reviewed Lutein and Zeaxanthin which are macular pigments and have important role in the absorption of blue light prior reaching to the retina and also have antioxidant action, [8][9][10] Zinc has important structural role in antioxidant enzymes. 12,13 Copper works as an a co-factor in several ocular enzymes.…”

“…Lutein and Zeaxanthin supplementation in the required dose prevents the progression of AMD and may causes improved visual performance. 10…”