An overview on recent advances in the synthesis of sulfonated organic materials, sulfonated silica materials, and sulfonated carbon materials and their catalytic applications in chemical processes

Abstract

This review article discusses the progress related to the synthesis and catalytic applications of sulfonated organic materials, sulfonated silica materials, and sulfonated carbon materials for industrial and laboratory products. These catalysts are widely used in acid-catalyzed processes. Most of these acid catalysts are eco-friendly, reusable, and stable. Moreover, the discovery of unique catalysts is vital for developing new, efficient, and reusable catalysts for industrial and laboratory applications. The aim of this review article is to review the recent studies (2014–2018) in the field of the utility of sulfonated organic materials, sulfonated silica materials, and sulfonated carbon materials for developing acidic catalysts.

Phosphomolybdic acid supported on Schiff base functionalized graphene oxide nanosheets: Preparation, characterization, and first catalytic application in the multi‐component synthesis of tetrahydrobenzo[a]xanthene‐11‐ones

“…Graphene, one of the allotropes of carbon, is twodimensional monolayers of carbon atoms arranged in a honeycomb lattice that can be functionalized easily with acidic moieties to give new materials that can be used in acid-catalyzed processes. [1] It possesses unique physical properties, such as high thermal and electronic conductivity, high thermal stability, and high structural strength, [2][3][4] and therefore has diverse applications in various fields such as electrochemical sensors, [5] composite materials, [6] and energy technology. [7] Graphene is easily produced from graphene oxide (GO) by reduction using reducing agents such as NaBH 4 [8] or hydrazine.…”

“…12-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-9,9-dimethyl- 8,9,10,12-tetrahydrobenzo[a]xanthen-11-one (4 k)1 H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 , ppm): δ = 0.91 (s, 3H, CH 3 ), 1.08 (s, 3H, CH 3 ), 2.14 (d, J = 16.5 Hz, 1H, one proton of diastereotopic protons in CH 2 ), 2.35 (d, J = 16.5 Hz, 1H, one proton of diastereotopic protons in CH 2 ), 2.65 (AB q , Δν = 30.0 Hz, J AB = 17.3 Hz, 2H, CH 2 ), 3.64 (s, 3H, OCH 3 ), 5.54 (s, 1H, pyran CH), 6.76 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H, arom-H), 7.20 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H, arom-H), 7.41-7.54 (m, 3H, arom-H), 7.90-7.95 (m, 2H, arom-H), 8.05 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H, arom-H); IR (KBr, cm −1 ) υ = 2951, 1648, 1511, 1460, 1378, 1229, 1174, 1028, 832, 750. 3.6.5 | 12-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-9,9-dimethyl-8,9,10,12-tetrahydrobenzo[a]xanthen-11-one (4 l) 1 H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 , ppm): δ = 0.91 (s, 3H, CH 3 ), 1.07 (s, 3H, CH 3 ), 2.14 (d, J = 16.1 Hz, 1H, one proton of diastereotopic protons in CH 2 ), 2.34 (d, J = 16.1 Hz, 1H, one proton of diastereotopic protons in CH 2 ), 2.63 (AB q , Δν = 29.2 Hz, J AB = 17.4 Hz, 2H, CH 2 ), 5.48 (s, 1H, pyran CH), 6.58 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 2H, arom-H), 7.09 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 2H, arom-H), 7.41-7.54 (m, 3H, arom-H), 7.88-7.94 (m, 2H, arom-H), 8.05 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H, arom-H), 9.20 (s, 1H, OH); 13 C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d 6 , ppm): δ = 26.…”

Brønsted Acidic Dicationic Ionic Liquid Immobilized on Fe3O4@SiO2 Nanoparticles as an Efficient and Magnetically Separable Catalyst for the Synthesis of Bispyrazoles

“…[15] On the other hand, researchers found that the addition of sulfonated acidic group onto the heterogeneous or homogenous catalysts increased the acidity of the catalyst. [16] Demanding to benefit from the aforementioned significant properties of ILs, as well as the presence of strongly acidic groups, lead to emerge brønsted ionic liquid. They are non-volatile, noncorrosive, and mostly used as catalysts in organic syntheses to overcome the drawbacks of their classical homogenous inorganic counterpart.…”

Synthesis of furfural from Acacia mangium wood sawdust‐derived xylose by continuous distillation method using sulfonated carbonaceous catalyst from the same source

“…Recently, some types of sulfonated acid catalysts have been used for xylose conversion to furfural, such as SO3H-KIT catalyst and especially 0.2-SO3H-KIT-6 [17] , carbon-based solid acid catalyst prepared from cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin containing furfural residue with acidity of 2.1-3.5 mmol/g [18] demonstrated their efficiency and feasibility in the conversion of pentoses into furfural. [12,19] Using solid acid catalyst produced from lignocellulosic biomass for production of furfural and other valuable products from the same biomass source is a sustainable chemical process with high feasibility. This work aims to utilize Acacia mangium wood waste -an abundant residue of Vietnam's paper industry -for fabrication of a carbon-based solid acid catalyst.…”