“…Besides, it is suitable for long-term monitoring ( Zhao et al, 2021a ; Lopez-Lorente, 2021 ). SERS technology is widely used in various biomedical fields, such as nucleic acid, protein, human cells, human tissues and human body fluids ( Calderon et al, 2021 ; Ma et al, 2021 ; Xi and Liang, 2021 ), and has important applications in the diagnosis of tumors ( Guerrini et al, 2021 ; Shen et al, 2021 ; Sun et al, 2021 ). Nowdays, it is believed that physical enhancement mechanism and chemical enhancement mechanism are two explanation mechanisms of SERS enhancement.…”