An Overview on Applications and Side Effects of Antioxidant Food Additives

Lidon, Fernando C.; Silva, Maria Manuela

doi:10.9755/ejfa.2016-07-806

Cited by 38 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…This is often a significant expense to winemakers, particularly during warmer growing seasons. In the broader food industry, TA can be used as an additive for its acidic and antioxidant properties (Silva and Lidon, 2016; EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Flavourings et al, 2020). Unlike TA, malic acid (MA), which also accumulates in grapes during early development, is susceptible to enzymatic catabolism during ripening, particularly at high temperatures (Buttrose et al, 1971;Kliewer, 1971;Ruffner et al, 1976).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosynthesis and Cellular Functions of Tartaric Acid in Grapevines

et al. 2021

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Tartaric acid (TA) is an obscure end point to the catabolism of ascorbic acid (Asc). Here, it is proposed as a “specialized primary metabolite”, originating from carbohydrate metabolism but with restricted distribution within the plant kingdom and lack of known function in primary metabolic pathways. Grapes fall into the list of high TA-accumulators, with biosynthesis occurring in both leaf and berry. Very little is known of the TA biosynthetic pathway enzymes in any plant species, although recently some progress has been made in this space. New technologies in grapevine research such as the development of global co-expression network analysis tools and genome-wide association studies, should enable more rapid progress. There is also a lack of information regarding roles for this organic acid in plant metabolism. Therefore this review aims to briefly summarize current knowledge about the key intermediates and enzymes of TA biosynthesis in grapes and the regulation of its precursor, ascorbate, followed by speculative discussion around the potential roles of TA based on current knowledge of Asc metabolism, TA biosynthetic enzymes and other aspects of fruit metabolism.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosynthesis and Cellular Functions of Tartaric Acid in Grapevines

et al. 2021

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“…16 However, synthetic antioxidants like propyl gallate (PG), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) are associated with carcinogenicity, hepatotoxicity, among other adverse effects in patients. [17][18][19] Moreover, they are more labile, inaccessible, and unfordable in resource-limited and remote settings, thus limiting their usefulness. Consequently, antioxidant supplements from natural sources, such as Vitamin C from herbs and fruits, offer a viable alternative for thwarting oxidative stress in the body, especially during inflammation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, Acute Oral Toxicity, and Qualitative Phytochemistry of The Aqueous Root Extract of Launaea cornuta (Hochst. Ex Oliv. & Hiern.)

Akimat

Omwenga

Moriasi

et al. 2021

J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med

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The root and leaf extracts of Launaea cornuta have been locally used in traditional medicine for decades to manage inflammatory conditions and other oxidative-stress-related syndromes; however, their pharmacologic efficacy has not been scientifically investigated and validated. Accordingly, we investigated the in vitro antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory ( in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo) efficacy, acute oral toxicity, and qualitative phytochemical composition of the aqueous root extract of L. cornuta. The ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and the 2,2-diphenyl-2-pycrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging test methods were used to determine the studied plant extract’s antioxidant activity. Besides, the anti-inflammatory efficacy of the studied plant extract was investigated using in vitro (anti-proteinase and protein denaturation), ex vivo (membrane stabilization), and in vivo (carrageenan-induced paw oedema in Swiss albino mice) methods. The studied plant extract demonstrated significant in vitro antioxidant effects, which were evidenced by higher DPPH radical scavenging and FRAP activities, in a concentration-dependent manner ( p < 0.05). Generally, the studied plant extract exhibited significant in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo anti-inflammatory efficacy, respectively, and in a concentration/dose-dependent manner compared with respective controls ( p < 0.05). Moreover, the studied plant extract did not cause any observable signs of acute oral toxicity, even at the cut-off dose of 2000 mg/Kg BW (LD50 > 2000 mg/Kg BW), and was thus considered safe. Additionally, qualitative phytochemistry revealed the presence of various antioxidant- and anti-inflammatory-associated phytochemicals, which were deemed responsible for the reported pharmacologic efficacy. Further studies to characterise bioactive molecules and their mode(s) of pharmacologic efficacy are encouraged.

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“…At high concentrations, lactic acid, such as the D-lactic enantiomer, can be detrimental because of its toxicity [ 48 ]. Of note, lactic acid has a long tradition of use as a food and a feed additive under E270 code number, according to regulation (EC) No 1333/2008 on food additives [ 49 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Antibacterial Activity of Dermaseptin through Its Immobilization on Alginate Nanoparticles—Effects of Menthol and Lactic Acid on Its Potentialization

et al. 2022

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Dermaseptin B2 (DRS-B2) is an antimicrobial peptide secreted by Phyllomedusa bicolor, which is an Amazonian tree frog. Here, we show that the adsorption of DRS-B2 on alginate nanoparticles (Alg NPs) results in a formulation (Alg NPs + DRS-B2) with a remarkable antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 8739 and E. coli 184 strains, which are sensitive and resistant, respectively, to colistin. The antibacterial activity, obtained with this new formulation, is higher than that obtained with DRS-B2 alone. Of note, the addition of lactic acid or menthol to this new formulation augments its antibacterial activity against the aforementioned Gram-negative bacilli. The safety of DRS-B2, and also that of the new formulation supplemented or not with a small molecule such as lactic acid or menthol has been proven on the human erythrocytes and the eukaryotic cell line types HT29 (human) and IPEC-1 (animal). Similarly, their stability was determined under the conditions mimicking the gastrointestinal tract with different conditions: pH, temperature, and the presence of digestive enzymes. Based on all the obtained data, we assume that these new formulations are promising and could be suggested, after in vivo approval and completing regulation aspects, as alternatives to antibiotics to fight infections caused by Gram-negative bacilli such as E. coli.

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An Overview on Applications and Side Effects of Antioxidant Food Additives

Cited by 38 publications

References 8 publications

Biosynthesis and Cellular Functions of Tartaric Acid in Grapevines

Biosynthesis and Cellular Functions of Tartaric Acid in Grapevines

Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, Acute Oral Toxicity, and Qualitative Phytochemistry of The Aqueous Root Extract of Launaea cornuta (Hochst. Ex Oliv. & Hiern.)

Enhanced Antibacterial Activity of Dermaseptin through Its Immobilization on Alginate Nanoparticles—Effects of Menthol and Lactic Acid on Its Potentialization

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