An overview of urinary incontinence

Abstract

Urinary incontinence is a common problem that is often under-reported due to the embarrassing nature and social stigma attached. Urinary incontinence can have a considerable effect on an individual's quality of life, but can be significantly improved with correct assessment, treatment and management. Conservative treatment options including: pelvic floor exercises, bladder retraining and fluid modification are recommended before referral to secondary services. This article provides an overview of the main types of urinary incontinence, and summarises recent guidelines for the assessment, diagnosis and effective conservative treatment options for them and when a referral for specialist care is required.

Urinary Incontinence in Women: Modern Methods of Physiotherapy as a Support for Surgical Treatment or Independent Therapy

“…Urinary incontinence (UI), characterized by involuntary loss of urine (ICS-International Continence Society), is a serious social and health issue whose incidence is increasing [1]. UI is diagnosed more often in women than in men [2], and in 2018, it was predicted to affect nearly 420 million people (300 million women and 120 million men) worldwide [1]. However, this number may be underestimated because of the intimate nature of UI.…”

Chinese herbal medicine reduces the risk of urinary incontinence in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A population‐based retrospective cohort study

“…Furthermore, Bai He Gu Jin Tang and Fritillariae thunbergii bulbus are noted to relieve symptoms of cough and phlegm expulsion, subsequently reducing the risk of urinary incontinence related to increased abdominal pressure in patients with COPD . Likewise, Zhi Sou San and Su Zi Jiang Qi Tang have been shown to improve pulmonary function in terms of FEV1 and ventilation in COPD patients, and consequently might be helpful for urinary incontinence relief through correcting neurophysiological disruption, and reforming somatic and autonomic neurological control …”

A geriatric patient with spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormality: outcomes and causes

“…There may be many reasons for the incontinence in our patient. The clinical finding of the sudden urinary leaking and the laboratory finding of the decreased bladder capacity with no overactivity may be related to coexistence of central and peripheral nervous system disorder [16,17]. Motor and sensory loss in the lower extremities may improve quickly, whereas bladder and colon dysfunction can continue for a long time in children with SCIWORA [18].…”

“…Advanced age, stroke, diabetes, poor general health, prostate cancer, radical prostatectomy, TURP, and radiotherapy have been reported to increase the risk of urinary incontinence, and of these, radical prostatectomy increases the risk the most [19]. For the treatment of urinary incontinence, a similar approach as used in adults is recommended in a healthy geriatric population; however, if it is accompanied by comorbidities, drug use, or functional or cognitive impairment, a more specific approach may be required [16,17]. We did not observe any improvement in the urinary continence symptoms in our patient.…”