An overview of tornado and waterspout events in Catalonia (2000–2019)

Rodríguez, Oriol; Bech, Joan; Arús, Joan; Castán, Salvador; Figuerola, Francesc; Rigo, Tomeu

doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2020.105415

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Two other variables have been considered: the precipitable water mass content (PWM) and the freezing level height (FRZL). The comparison with previous works in the region of study [2,24,28] indicates that the found values are significantly large: the WMAX was always over the previously proposed 50 m s −1 (especially for the MU case), the PWM was 40 mm (instead of the 35 mm), and the freezing level height was close to 4000 m (while the previous threshold was 3000 m). However, it is important to indicate that these variations should link with the trend of the variables along the period, as previously cited.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 43%

“…Sounding data used are from twice a day, for 00.00 and 12.00 UTC. This region is prone to be affected by different types of adverse weather (hail [2], heavy rain and floods [26], snow at low altitude [27], tornadoes [28], etc.). Before, the understanding capacity of the thermodynamic conditions over Catalonia was poor (Gibergans-Báguena and Llasat [22]).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermodynamic Conditions during August 2022 in Catalonia: The Monthly Record of Hail Days, Hail Size and the Differences in the Climatic Values

Rigo

2023

Climate

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The hailstorm of 30 August 2022 in the NE of Catalonia (NE of the Iberian Peninsula) produced the largest hail size, with diameters exceeding 10 cm. Furthermore, hail occurrence exceeded 2 cm in fourteen days and 4 cm in seven days during August 2022. The size and the days number constituted new records in Catalonia for at least the last 30 years. The analysis has compared the thermodynamic values derived from the sounding of Barcelona with the climatic data for 1998–2022 (25 years of data). This fact has allowed the selection and evaluation of different thermodynamic parameters’ behaviour during hail days in Catalonia. In this research, the precipitable water mass provided the best results as a hail forecaster. Second, the study has evaluated if the different parameters have a significant trend during the study period. The answer is yes in all cases, but some parameters presented a stepped rise while others increased smoothly. Finally, the research has analysed if the parameter values during August 2022 were extraordinary compared with the rest of the period. In this case, the thermodynamic parameters nature was well correlated with the hail size and occurrence maximums of August 2022.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 43%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamic Conditions during August 2022 in Catalonia: The Monthly Record of Hail Days, Hail Size and the Differences in the Climatic Values

Rigo

2023

Climate

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“…Deep convection is usually common during those months in the region of study leading to short but intense precipitation episodes, as indicated, for instance, in [7]. Some of the CCR events during these months included severe convective weather (hail, strong straight-line winds, tornadoes) [36][37][38].…”

Section: Monthly Distributionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Warm Rain Analysis from Remote Sensing Data in the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona for 2015–2022

Rigo¹

2023

Hydrology

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The Metropolitan Area of Barcelona is one of the most densely populated European regions. The hydrological conditions are very extreme, as are those of the Mediterranean Basin, with long drought periods. The management of water systems is one of the priorities, implying the understanding of the whole life cycle of water. One of the worst-known steps in this cycle corresponds to the rainfall events occurring between warm and cold periods, with quasi-tropical precipitation but with little or no lightning activity. This manuscript relies on the analysis of this type of precipitation for 2015–2022 for characterization and modelling to provide the signatures that can help diagnose these events in real time. The comparison of cold convective and warm rain events thorough radar, lightning and numerical weather prediction data has allowed us to find the main differences between both types. Warm rain events are predominant in the region, with more than 70% cases exceeding 10 mm of daily precipitation. The maritime influence is crucial in most of the warm rain episodes.

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Climatology of waterspouts in the Balearic Islands (1989–2020)

2022

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The article analyses the waterspouts recorded in the Balearic Islands (Spain) between 1989 and 2020. The extensive database used includes 234 waterspout events, which we analysed to establish their annual, monthly, seasonal and weekly spatial, temporal and hourly distribution. The autumn months account for 65% of all the waterspout events, with the highest frequency seen in September. They occur most frequently between 8:00 and 10:00 in the morning. We carried out a synoptic classification of the days on which waterspouts were recorded, observing that a synoptic trough pattern at 500 hPa over the Iberian Peninsula, which generates a south-westerly flow over the area under study, was the most conducive waterspout-creating condition (present in 25.3% of the events). Their relationship with the sea surface temperature was also analysed, revealing a higher frequency of waterspouts with higher temperature values, particularly between 23 and 26 °C. Finally, we examined the frequency of waterspouts in relation to the daily Western Mediterranean Oscillation regional teleconnection pattern index values, finding that waterspouts were more common on days when the indices were closer to 0.

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An overview of tornado and waterspout events in Catalonia (2000–2019)

Cited by 10 publications

References 86 publications

Thermodynamic Conditions during August 2022 in Catalonia: The Monthly Record of Hail Days, Hail Size and the Differences in the Climatic Values

Thermodynamic Conditions during August 2022 in Catalonia: The Monthly Record of Hail Days, Hail Size and the Differences in the Climatic Values

Warm Rain Analysis from Remote Sensing Data in the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona for 2015–2022

Climatology of waterspouts in the Balearic Islands (1989–2020)

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