An overview of thermal modelling techniques for permanent magnet machines

Abstract

Permanent magnet (PM) machines have gained increasing attention from the industry because of their potential merits over conventional electrical machines. High‐temperature level in electrical machines is a major factor that can adversely impact the performance and health conditions of these machines. These effects need to be minimized to make them competitive with currently operational machines in the industry. It can be done by performing a thorough thermal analysis of the prototype during the design process and proper online thermal monitoring of the machine during the operation stage. Thermal modelling is a powerful tool for achieving such goals in both cases. This paper aims to review the state‐of‐the‐art of thermal modelling techniques and provide a detailed comparison of them in PM machines. The fundamental concepts of heat transfer and sources of heat in PM machines are first discussed. Then, different thermal modelling techniques, including thermal subdomain models (TSMs), lumped parameter thermal networks (LPTNs), finite element models (FEMs), computational fluid dynamics (CFD), reduced order models (ROMs), and hybrid thermal models (HTMs) are introduced and compared. Finally, the utilization of these models in the thermal design, control, and monitoring of PM machines is studied.

Higher order model of synchronous generator

“…Figures 7(a)-7(c) show curves of field current for the period of short circuit simulation is at filed, torque and input voltage perturbations using machine parameters in Table 1. Field current under a three-phase sudden short-circuit is described by (9) [27].…”

“…The damper winding that are placed near air-gap present flux linking damper circuits whose value is nearly equal to flux linking armature. This assumption accelerates satisfactory outcomes for many stability studies particularly individuals of network side [9]- [15]. Nevertheless, once it tackles to field current explores, there is a substantial error.…”

Overview of Numerical Analysis and Optimization Methods for Eddy Current Retarders

“…Because the actual problem is replaced by a simpler problem, this solution is not an exact solution, but an approximate solution. Because most practical problems are difficult to get accurate solutions, and the finite element method not only has high calculation accuracy, but also can adapt to various complex shapes, it has become an effective engineering analysis method [10].…”

Enhancing thermal modelling of electric machines: steady-state verification of a novel methodology

“…Hybrid solutions with finite element method (FEM) and LPTN combine accuracy with low computational effort. FEM-assisted LPTN use FEM to calibrate or determine LPTN parameters [4]. Another approach involves using FEM to simulate a cross section of the active region and including end-windings or plates by modifying boundary conditions within the FEM [5].…”