1986
DOI: 10.1016/0886-7798(86)90015-5
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An overview of the Seikan tunnel project

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Cited by 21 publications
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“…It is an essential design parameter affecting the stability and the cost of underwater tunneling [22]. Moreover, the minimum cover thickness of underwater tunnels significantly differs from case to case [23,24], and, currently, there is no international standard to estimate its value.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It is an essential design parameter affecting the stability and the cost of underwater tunneling [22]. Moreover, the minimum cover thickness of underwater tunnels significantly differs from case to case [23,24], and, currently, there is no international standard to estimate its value.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Tunnel construction is affected by environment, technology, and management and is prone to safety accidents. For example, the world-famous Seikan Tunnel in Japan had four major flooding accidents during its 16-year construction period, with the maximum volume of water ingress being 121.000 m [1]. In Norway, the Vardø Tunnel had two collapses during construction; the Ellingsøy Tunnel collapsed during construction because the working face was in a fault and fragmentation zone, and the top of the tunnel collapsed by 8-9 m; construction of the Oslofjord Tunnel was halted because of flooding problems, and the tunnel was only completed with difficulty by using the freezing method [2].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%