An overview of the recent advances in functionalization biomass adsorbents for toxic metals removal

Lignocellulose-Based Superabsorbent Polymer Gel Crosslinked with Magnesium Aluminum Silicate for Highly Removal of Zn (II) from Aqueous Solution

“…The characteristic chemical structures of MOT, LCE, nano-LCE, LCE-MOT and nano-LCE-MOT were characterised by FTIR spectroscopy in the wavenumber range of 4000–400 cm −1 . Figure 2 shows the FTIR spectrum of LCE, which features peaks that can be attributed to -OH bending (3366 cm −1 ), the –OH stretching vibration of -COOH (1462 cm −1 ) and the -C-O-C- stretching vibration of cellulose and hemicellulose (1050 cm −1 ) [ 41 ], while after nanosizing treatment, the absorption peaks were shifted to 3360, 1474 and 1037 cm −1 , respectively, and a new peak attributed to -C=O appeared at 1622 cm −1 [ 42 ], indicating that the active groups of lignocellulose were exposed after the nanosizing treatment. From the results shown in Figure 2 , it is inferred that the nanosizing treatment of LCE does not change its chemical structure, it only reduces its size to nanosized, thus enhancing its adsorption capacity toward Zn (II) from effluent.…”

Adsorption of Zn(ii) on amination@wood-aerogel and high-value reuse to ZnO/ZnS as an efficient photocatalyst

“…1 Adsorption is considered one of the most efficient methods for heavy metal removal, characterised by low energy consumption, high effectiveness, and high eco-friendliness. 2 Cellulose, lignin, chitosan, etc. have been used as low-cost biomass adsorbents removing heavy metals from effluent; however, their applications are significantly limited because of their disadvantages, including complex preparation processes, low adsorption capacity, and difficult adsorbent separation.…”

Lignin modified PVDF membrane with antifouling properties for oil filtration

“…The lignin-based flocculants are efficient in the removal of dyes, heavy metals, chemical oxygen demand (COD), phosphate in wastewater after amination, carboxymethylation, crosslinking, sulfonation, and grafting [3]. The lignin-based adsorbent could be prepared through the mentioned modification strategies to remove heavy metal ions in water [4] similarly to porous adsorbents [5]. The adsorption of heavy metals on lignin through ion-exchange could be further improved by increasing the surface area.…”