An Overview of the Latest Insights and Innovations in Pylephlebitis: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Pylephlebitis, a rare condition marked by infective thrombosis in the portal vein, presents diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. This review explores its epidemiology, etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. Primarily a complication of intra-abdominal infections, diverticulitis and appendicitis are prevalent causes. Clinical presentation mirrors intra-abdominal infections, demanding a high index of suspicion. Diagnosis involves clinical examination, laboratory investigations, and imaging, with CT and ultrasound commonly employed. Treatment integrates broad-spectrum antibiotics and surgical interventions targeting the infection source. Prognosis, influenced by prompt diagnosis and complications, reports mortality rates of 7-30%. Early recognition and aggressive management are pivotal for favorable outcomes, emphasizing a comprehensive approach to Pylephlebitis prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.