An overview of the diagnosis and treatment ofGardnerella vaginalis andBacteroides associated vaginitis

Jones, Brian M.; Kinghorn, G R; Duerden, B. I.

doi:10.1007/bf02019980

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…4, 8, 10, 14, 16], Instead, anaerobic cocci and Bacteroides species were both sig nificantly more common in the symptomatic state (table II). However, this observation should not be taken as conclusive evidence that these organisms per se cause symptoms as suggested by other investigations [9,13,14,15], In our study the patients were asymptom atic on many occasions probably because of previous treatment with metronidazole, which may have had a long-standing effect on the anaerobic microflora. Another indica tion of such an effect of treatment is that the number of anaerobic species was higher in the symptomatic slate, whereas the number of aerobic species was the same irrespective of symptoms (table I).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Gardnerella-Associated Vaginitis and Anaerobic Bacteria

Fredricsson¹,

Hagström

Evaldson³

et al. 1984

Gynecol Obstet Invest

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12 patients with mild or moderate symptoms of Gardnerella-associated vaginitis were examined clinically and microbiologically on 52 different occasions, 27 of which were asymptomatic. The symptomatic state was defined by fulfilling at least three of the following criteria: (1) subjective symptoms; (2) pH above 4.5; (3) positive amine test, and (4) clue cells in wet smear. Variation of the vaginal microflora was considerable. No causative bacterial species could be identified. Microorganisms of the genus Bacteroides were significantly (p < 0.02) more often found in the symptomatic condition. The presence of either peptococci, peptostreptococci or anaerobic streptococci was similarly related to symptoms (p < 0.01). Lactobacilli were significantly more often present when the patient was free of symptoms (p < 0.05). Gardnerella vaginalis was a common isolate whether the patient suffered from symptoms or not. It is concluded that the presence of this microorganism indicates a disturbed ecologic situation within the vagina, resulting in loss of predominance of lactobacilli and hence liability to develop symptoms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Gardnerella-Associated Vaginitis and Anaerobic Bacteria

Fredricsson¹,

Hagström

Evaldson³

et al. 1984

Gynecol Obstet Invest

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“…Originally, the standard in the laboratory was culture of vaginal specimens for G. vaginalis (8,9). However, with the recognition that bacterial vaginosis is associated with a diverse group of organisms, many of which are difficult, cumbersome, and costly to culture in the laboratory, and since G. vaginalis can be found in up to 40 to 50% of otherwise healthy women (10,16,18), it has become increasingly more common to process these specimens by Gram stain alone, without culture (13,17). The correlation between a clinical diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis and a positive Gram-stained smear showing distinctive characteristics has been shown (17).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproducibility of interpretation of Gram-stained vaginal smears for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis

Mazzulli

Simor

1990

J Clin Microbiol

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In the diagnostic microbiology laboratory, interpretation of Gram-stained slides of vaginal swab specimens is used to support the clinical diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis. The reproducibility with which technologists interpret these Gram-stained slides was evaluated by presenting, in coded fashion, 80 original slides and 80 duplicate slides of vaginal swab specimens to three technologists. They each interpreted the original slide twice and the duplicate slide from the same specimen once. Intraobserver and interobserver agreement was assessed by use of the weighted kappa statistic. Semiquantitation of Lactobacillus and Gardnerella morphotypes and a diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis showed the greatest intraobserver agreement, with kappa values ranging from 0.772 to 1.000. Interobserver agreement was also high for rating Lactobacillus morphotypes and clue cells (kappa values between 0.735 and 0.869) but decreased slightly for Gardnerella morphotypes and a diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis (kappa values between 0.656 and 0.800). These results indicate that there is good agreement for the interpretation of Gram-stained slides of vaginal swab specimens and that this method alone, without culture, can be used reliably to support the clinical diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis.

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“…Various organisms are known, or have been thought, to be implicated in NGU infections, namely Chlamydia trachomatis (Darougar et al, 1971 ; Bowie et al, 1977 a ; Richmond & Clarke, 1977;Taylor-Robinson & Thomas, 1980), Ureaplasma urealyticum (Taylor-Robinson, 1977 ;Taylor-Robinson et al, 1977Taylor-Robinson & McCormack, 1979;Taylor-Robinson & Csonka, 198 I), Clostridium dzfficile (Hafiz et al, 1975), Corynebacterium species (Furness et al, 197 1, 1977), and Staphylococcus saprophyticus (Hovelius et al, 1979). Other organisms, namely Gardnerella vaginalis (Lapage, 196 1 ;Jones et al, 1982 ;Kinghorn et al, 1982 ;Tabaqchali et al, 1983) and anaerobic curved rods (Holst et al, 1981 ;Sprott et al, 1983) are currently regarded as potential agents of NSV. Although various investigators have searched for anaerobes in lower genital-tract infections in men, evidence that they are associated with disease has not been substantiated (Bowie et al, 19773;Hallen et al, 1977).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Numerical Taxonomic Study of Anaerobic Gram-negative Bacilli Classified as Bacteroides ureolyticus Isolated from Patients with Non-gonococcal Urethritis

et al. 1986

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A numerical taxonomic study of 64 strains of anaerobic Gram-negative bacilli isolated from men with non-gonococcal urethritis, two unclassified laboratory strains of 'corroding bacilli', and 12 other strains of anaerobic Gram-negative bacilli, including nine received as anaerobic curved rods and three as 'Bacteroides corrodens' (B. ureolyticus), isolated from women with bacterial vaginosis, was undertaken. Seventeen reference anaerobic strains belonging to the genera Bacteroides, Fusobacterium, Mobiluncus, Mitsuokella and Wolinella were included. Morphological, biochemical and physiological characteristics were examined in 103 tests. The resemblance between the 95 strains was calculated using the SSM, SJ and DP coefficients for cluster analyses based on the UPGMA method. All three approaches gave similar groupings, and the estimated average probability of test error was 2.46%. The strains fell into 10 phenons. The unclassified strains from men and three from women with lower genital-tract infections, and the laboratory strains of 'corroding bacilli' clustered in one phenon with the reference strains of B. ureolyticus, indicating that they correspond to B. ureolyticus. The other unclassified strains of anaerobic curved rods clustered as a distinct phenon. They correspond to species of the newly described genus Mobiluncus. The taxonomic data and the compilation of diagnostic tables serve as a useful guide for the laboratory identification of clinical isolates regarded as B. ureolyticus.

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An overview of the diagnosis and treatment ofGardnerella vaginalis andBacteroides associated vaginitis

Cited by 12 publications

References 28 publications

Gardnerella-Associated Vaginitis and Anaerobic Bacteria

Gardnerella-Associated Vaginitis and Anaerobic Bacteria

Reproducibility of interpretation of Gram-stained vaginal smears for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis

A Numerical Taxonomic Study of Anaerobic Gram-negative Bacilli Classified as Bacteroides ureolyticus Isolated from Patients with Non-gonococcal Urethritis

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