An overview of the biological and multifunctional roles of IL-38 in different infectious diseases and COVID-19

Fazeli, Pooria; Saeidnia, Mohammadreza; Erfani, Mehran; Kalani, Mehdi

doi:10.1007/s12026-022-09275-y

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 50 publications

(127 reference statements)

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“…Wang et al 50 showed elevated level of IL‐38 in patients with chronic hepatitis B, suggesting that IL‐38 could be used as a biomarker for liver hepatitis infection and liver injury 51 . Fazeli et al 52 reported that the level of IL‐38 was higher in healthy subjects than treated HCV‐infected patients, and HCV‐infected patients with higher levels of IL‐38 indicated less liver damage. In sepsis mice model, the level of IL‐38 increased and IL‐38 could prolong the survival of mice 53 .…”

Section: Role Of Ll‐38 In Related Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The emerging role of IL‐38 in diseases: A comprehensive review

Chen,

Xi,

et al. 2023

Immunity Inflam & Disease

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IntroductionInterleukin‐38 (IL‐38) is a new type of anti‐inflammatory cytokine, which is mainly expressed in the immunity‐related organs and is involved in various diseases including cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, lung diseases, viral infectious diseases and autoimmune diseases.AimThis review aims to detail the biological function, receptors and signaling of IL‐38, which highlights its therapeutic potential in related diseases.ConclusionThis article provides a comprehensive review of the association between interleukin‐38 and related diseases, using interleukin‐38 as a keyword and searching the relevant literature through Pubmed and Web of science up to July 2023.

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Section: Role Of Ll‐38 In Related Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The emerging role of IL‐38 in diseases: A comprehensive review

Chen,

Xi,

et al. 2023

Immunity Inflam & Disease

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“…Previous studies reported the anti-inflammatory effects of IL-38 [ 16 ], and its expression can induce macrophage activities in the efferocytosis process [ 17 ]. In this study, the gene expression level of Il-38 in macrophages demonstrated a significant increase only when M1 and M2 were indirectly co-cultured with MSCs and the Il-38 increase was more evident in M1 than in M2 ( p values for main effects of macrophage types [M0/M1/M2] and experimental conditions [no MSCs/+ young MSCs/+ aged MSCs] and their interaction: <0.0001, <0.0001, <0.0001, respectively; two-way factorial ANOVA).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-Related Effects on MSC Immunomodulation, Macrophage Polarization, Apoptosis, and Bone Regeneration Correlate with IL-38 Expression

Zhang,

Akiyama,

Mun

et al. 2024

IJMS

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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are known to promote tissue regeneration and suppress excessive inflammation caused by infection or trauma. Reported evidence indicates that various factors influence the expression of MSCs’ endogenous immunomodulatory properties. However, the detailed interactions of MSCs with macrophages, which are key cells involved in tissue repair, and their regulatory mechanisms are not completely understood. We herein investigated how age-related immunomodulatory impairment of MSCs alters the interaction of MSCs with macrophages during bone healing using young (5-week old) and aged (50-week old) mice. To clarify the relationship between inflammatory macrophages (M1) and MSCs, their spatiotemporal localization at the bone healing site was investigated by immunostaining, and possible regulatory mechanisms were analyzed in vitro co-cultures. Histomorphometric analysis revealed an accumulation of M1 and a decrease in MSC number at the healing site in aged mice, which showed a delayed bone healing. In in vitro co-cultures, MSCs induced M1 apoptosis through cell-to-cell contact but suppressed the gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines by soluble factors secreted in the culture supernatant. Interestingly, interleukin 38 (Il-38) expression was up-regulated in M1 after co-culture with MSCs. IL-38 suppressed the gene expression of inflammatory cytokines in M1 and promoted the expression of genes associated with M1 polarization to anti-inflammatory macrophages (M2). IL-38 also had an inhibitory effect on M1 apoptosis. These results suggest that MSCs may induce M1 apoptosis, suppress inflammatory cytokine production by M1, and induce their polarization toward M2. Nevertheless, in aged conditions, the decreased number and immunomodulatory function of MSCs could be associated with a delayed M1 clearance (i.e., apoptosis and/or polarization) and consequent delayed resolution of the inflammatory phase. Furthermore, M1-derived IL-38 may be associated with immunoregulation in the tissue regeneration site.

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“…Low levels of IL-37 have been found in patients with COVID-19, especially those who are severely ill (Ahmed and Ad'hiah, 2021;Li et al, 2021). IL-38 is an additional cytokine of the IL-1 family of cytokines that exhibit anti-inflammatory effects in a number of inflammatory, autoimmune and infectious diseases (Fazeli et al, 2022). In COVID-19 although not well explored, IL-38 has been the subject of controversy with one study reporting increased systemic levels in patients compared to controls , and another study showing no significant differences between patients and controls (Al-bassam et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The abundance of Interleukin-22, 37, and 38 post-vaccination and following COVID-19 recuperation

2023

JPTCP

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The SARS-CoV-2 virus causes a contagious disease known as Coronavirus Disease 2019 . It began spreading globally in 2019 and is still producing pandemics today. Different COVID-19 vaccinations offer protection against this illness. Pfizer-BioNTech and Sinopharm were the two vaccine manufacturers with the highest usage in Iraq. Both vaccines use a different method to activate the immune system. This study seeks to compare the IL-22, IL-37, and IL-38 levels in those who received either the Sinopharm or the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccination. IL-22, IL-37, IL-38 levels have been shown to be upregulated in COVID-19 patients. In this study, IL-22, IL-37, and IL-38 levels were tested in 80 healthy controls and 100 COVID-19 patients 14-21 days after recovery. Additionally, people who received the Sinopharm or Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine (50 each) were monitored 21 days after the first dosage and 21 days after the second dose. In comparison to controls, serum levels were noticeably higher in recovered patients. Except for the first dosage of Pfizer BioNTech, the first and second doses of Sinopharm and Pfizer BioNTech were linked to considerably higher levels of IL-22, IL-37, and IL-38 compared to controls or recovered patients. where IL-22, IL-37, and IL-38 levels did not show significant differences compared to recovered patients. In conclusion, lower IL-37 and IL-38 molecule levels were linked to recovery from COVID-19, although these levels remained considerably greater in recovered patients compared to uninfected controls. Vaccination with Sinopharm or Pfizer-BioNTech confirmed the up-regulating effects of SARS-CoV-2 on IL-22, IL-37, and IL-38 levels.

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An overview of the biological and multifunctional roles of IL-38 in different infectious diseases and COVID-19

Cited by 7 publications

References 50 publications

The emerging role of IL‐38 in diseases: A comprehensive review

The emerging role of IL‐38 in diseases: A comprehensive review

Age-Related Effects on MSC Immunomodulation, Macrophage Polarization, Apoptosis, and Bone Regeneration Correlate with IL-38 Expression

The abundance of Interleukin-22, 37, and 38 post-vaccination and following COVID-19 recuperation

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