An Overview of the Basic Characterizations of Nonlinear Optical Single Crystals of Mandelic Acid S-alanine Hemihydrates – For Optoelectronic Applications

Abstract

Over the years, growing highly efficient crystals in performing multi-level applications has consistently consolidated its position whereby a good number of novel crystals are kept added such that the emerging technology keeps on moving to the next possible level. On this count, R-Mandelic acid S-alanine hemihydrate (RMSA) single crystals with nonlinear optical (NLO) activity were produced at 37°C by the solvent evaporation technique. X-ray diffraction assessment on the single crystal as well as in the powder form was used to estimate the lattice constants. The crystal structure of RMSA is found to be triclinic. According to the transmission spectrum, RMSA's UV cutoff wavelength is 268 nm. Using FTIR spectroscopy, the vibrations of functional groups were clarified. The 13C-NMR spectroscopy was used to determine the molecular structure of RMSA. The Kurtz-Perry SHG test revealed that SHG was existent at a considerable level. When RMSA is compared to pure alanine, the SHG efficiency is discovered to be higher. Utilizing the He-Ne laser and single-beam Z-scan technology, a third-order nonlinear optical investigation was carried out. Positive nonlinearity in RMSA was revealed by a closed-aperture approach, while reverse saturation was revealed by an open-aperture analysis. The obtained results establish the possibility of RMSA as a crystal to be used in optoelectronic and optical device applications to obtain output with high efficiency.