An overview of the anatomy and physiology of the brain

Bhushan, Rashmi; Ravichandiran, V.; Kumar, Nitesh

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-90773-6.00023-3

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…To control the body's activities, it processes, integrates and coordinates the information received from the sensory organs. The human brain can be divided into three distinguishable entities: the cerebrum, the brainstem and the cerebellum [23,24].…”

Section: A Brief Recap On Brain and Neck Injuriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The corpus callosum (CC) is a broad band of white matter carrying axons which connect the cerebral hemispheres [23][24][25].…”

Section: A Brief Recap On Brain and Neck Injuriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The brainstem consists of the pons, the midbrain, and the medulla oblongata. It has the critical role of regulating visceral organs [23,24].…”

Section: A Brief Recap On Brain and Neck Injuriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biomechanics of Traumatic Head and Neck Injuries on Women: A State-of-the-Art Review and Future Directions

Carmo

Grigioni²,

Fernandes³

et al. 2023

Biology

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The biomechanics of traumatic injuries of the human body as a consequence of road crashes, falling, contact sports, and military environments have been studied for decades. In particular, traumatic brain injury (TBI), the so-called “silent epidemic”, is the traumatic insult responsible for the greatest percentage of death and disability, justifying the relevance of this research topic. Despite its great importance, only recently have research groups started to seriously consider the sex differences regarding the morphology and physiology of women, which differs from men and may result in a specific outcome for a given traumatic event. This work aims to provide a summary of the contributions given in this field so far, from clinical reports to numerical models, covering not only the direct injuries from inertial loading scenarios but also the role sex plays in the conditions that precede an accident, and post-traumatic events, with an emphasis on neuroendocrine dysfunctions and chronic traumatic encephalopathy. A review on finite element head models and finite element neck models for the study of specific traumatic events is also performed, discussing whether sex was a factor in validating them. Based on the information collected, improvement perspectives and future directions are discussed.

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Section: A Brief Recap On Brain and Neck Injuriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The corpus callosum (CC) is a broad band of white matter carrying axons which connect the cerebral hemispheres [23][24][25].…”

Section: A Brief Recap On Brain and Neck Injuriesmentioning

confidence: 99%