An Overview of the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, Earthquake

Shin, Tzay‐Chyn; Teng, Ta‐Liang

doi:10.1785/0120000738

Cited by 241 publications

(153 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…During the two day period from 31 July to 1 August 1996, Typhoon Herb brought an unexpectedly high cumulative rainfall of almost 2000 mm, which initiated 37 debris flows, leading to 27 deaths and 14 people being reported missing in the watershed (Jan and Chen, 2005). The Chi-Chi earthquake of 21 September 1999 was the largest earthquake in Taiwan for a hundred years (Shin and Teng, 2001), and caused numerous landslides in the Chenyulan watershed. The extreme rainfall event caused by Typhoon Toraji from 29-30 July 2001 had a maximum hourly rainfall of 78.5 mm and 24 h rainfall of 587.6 mm; this event caused more than 30 debris flows in the watershed, resulting in more than 100 people being reported dead or missing, and widespread damage to houses, roads and bridges (Chen et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of rainfall triggering of debris flows in the Chenyulan watershed, Taiwan

Chen

Jan

Huang

2013

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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This paper reports the variation in rainfall characteristics associated with debris flows in the Chenyulan watershed, central Taiwan, between 1963 and 2009. The maximum hourly rainfall I_m, the maximum 24 h rainfall R_d, and the rainfall index RI (defined as the product R_dI_m) were analysed for each rainfall event that triggered a debris flow within the watershed. The corresponding number of debris flows initiated by each rainfall event (N) was also investigated via image analysis and/or field investigation. The relationship between N and RI was analysed. Higher RI of a rainfall event would trigger a larger number of debris flows. This paper also discusses the effects of the Chi-Chi earthquake (CCE) on this relationship and on debris flow initiation. The results showed that the critical RI for debris flow initiation had significant variations and was significantly lower in the years immediately following the CCE of 1999, but appeared to revert to the pre-earthquake condition about five years later. Under the same extreme rainfall event of RI = 365 cm² h⁻¹, the value of N in the CCE-affected period could be six times larger than that in the non-CCE-affected periods

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of rainfall triggering of debris flows in the Chenyulan watershed, Taiwan

Chen

Jan

Huang

2013

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…This was the largest inland earthquake to strike Taiwan in the twentieth century. The CWB located its epicenter at 120.82 oˤ E and 23.85 o N, with a focal depth of 8 km [1]. In addition, on 26 December 2006, two closely linked earthquakes, both ML 7.0, occurred only 8 minutes apart at 12:26:21 and 12:34:15 UT, respectively, in southwestern offshore of Taiwan near Pingtung.…”

Section: Seismic Datamentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The Philippine Sea plate and the Eurasian plate collide with each other around Taiwan. Therefore, it is not surprising that large earthquakes have repeatedly hit the Taiwan [1]. Safeguarding life and property from destructive effects of earthquakes is a major concern of the people there.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of soil-structure interaction on a 51-story building from the spectral ratio of earthquake recordings

Liu

2017

MATEC Web Conf.

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Abstract. The soil-structure interaction (SSI) can significantly alter the characteristics of recorded motions in buildings. The ratio of Fourier amplitude spectrum of the top-story accelerations to that of the foundation accelerations permits the identification of the natural frequency of the fixed-base building. In this study, records of the Chi-Chi earthquake and the 1226 Hengchun earthquake doublet from the structural array in a 51-story highrise building are used to obtain the dynamic characteristics of the buildings by the transfer function (TF) method. As a result, the acceleration amplification of seismic excitation on the 47 th storey of buildings is 4.24, in the horizontal component, from the Chi-Chi earthquake data greater than those of the 1226 Hengchun earthquake doublet with a value of 2.82 and 2.06, respectively. In addition, from the spectral ratio of the accelerations (47 th floor/basement), together with the Fourier Amplitude Spectrum (FAS) of the 47 th floor and basement accelerations, it is noted that the peaks of the 47 th floor FAS and the spectral ratio appear to coincide with each other from the records of 1226 Hengchun earthquake doublet, suggesting that there is no significant SSI effects in both the longitudinal and transverse directions.

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“…The typhoon caused an unexpectedly high cumulative rainfall (up to 1994 mm within 2 days, measured at Alisan rainfall station near the headwater of the watershed) and caused over thirty debris-flows (Jan and Chen, 2005); 27 people were declared dead and 14 missing. The 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake with a moment magnitude M w = 7.6, on 21 September 1999, was the largest in Taiwan for 50 yr and the largest on the Chelungpu thrust fault in 300-620 yr (Shin and Teng, 2001;Chen et al, 2001;Dadson et al, 2004;Huang et al, 2001) and caused significant effects on the watershed. After the Chi-Chi earthquake, the extremely heavy rains brought by Typhoons Toraji and Nali in 2001 caused numerous debris flow events in central Taiwan (Cheng et al, 2005), and resulted in over 100 people dead or missing and major damage to houses, roads, bridges, and dikes.…”

Section: Debris Flows In the Chenyulan Stream Watershedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent changes in the number of rainfall events related to debris-flow occurrence in the Chenyulan Stream Watershed, Taiwan

Chen

Huang

Jan

et al. 2012

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. This study analyzed the variability in the number of rainfall events related to debris-flow occurrence in the Chenyulan stream watershed located in central Taiwan. Rainfall data between 1970 and 2009 measured at three meteorological stations nearby/in the watershed were collected and used to determine the corresponding regional average rainfall for the watershed. Data on debris-flow events between 1985 and 2009 were collected and used to study their dependence on regional average rainfall. The maximum 24-h regional rainfall R d was used to analyze the number of rainfall events N r , the number of rainfall events that triggered debris flows N d , and the probability of debris-flows occurrences P . The variation trends in N r , N d and P over recent decades under three rainfall conditions (R d > 20,230, and 580 mm) related to debris-flow occurrence were analyzed. In addition, the influences of the Chi-Chi earthquake on N d and P were presented. The results showed that the rainfall events with R d > 20 mm during the earthquakeaffected period (2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004) strongly responded to the increases in the average number of rainfall events that triggered debris flows and the average probability of debris-flows occurrences. The number of rainfall events with R d > 230 mm (the lower boundary for the rainfall ever triggering debris flow before the Chi-Chi earthquake), and R d > 580 mm (the lower boundary for extreme rainfall ever triggering numerous debris flows) in the Chenyulan stream watershed increased after 2000. The increase in the number of extreme rainfall events with R d > 580 mm augmented the number of rainfall events ever triggering numerous debris flows in the last decade. The increase in both the number of rainfall events that ever triggered debris flows and the probability of debrisflow occurrences was greater in the last decade

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An Overview of the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, Earthquake

Cited by 241 publications

References 3 publications

Characteristics of rainfall triggering of debris flows in the Chenyulan watershed, Taiwan

Characteristics of rainfall triggering of debris flows in the Chenyulan watershed, Taiwan

Assessment of soil-structure interaction on a 51-story building from the spectral ratio of earthquake recordings

Recent changes in the number of rainfall events related to debris-flow occurrence in the Chenyulan Stream Watershed, Taiwan

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