An Overview of Techniques in Enzyme Immobilization

Abstract

Immobilized enzymes have become the subject of considerable interest due to their excellent functional properties such as reusability, cost-effectiveness, and optimality during the past decades. Enzyme immobilization technology is not only used in industrial processes, but also a component technology of products for medical diagnostics, therapy, food industry, bio energy, and biomaterial detection. In this review, new methods for enzyme immobilization are introduced, and the advantages and disadvantages of a variety of techniques in enzyme immobilization will be also discussed.

The Enzyme Immobilization: Carriers and Immobilization methods

“…Enzymes can be attached onto the oppositely charged surface by electrostatic forces (ionic or polar interactions). Charge of the enzyme surface depends on the comparative difference between the isoelectric point of the enzyme and the pH value of the solution (Nguyen & Kim 2017). There are two electrostatic adsorption immobilization techniques: layer-by-layer deposition and electrochemical doping.…”

“…This system minimizes the enzyme denaturation. However, overcharging of surface, substrate or product may cause kinetics distortion due to partitioning or diffusion phenomena and consequently, may change the pH stability of the enzyme (Nguyen & Kim 2017).…”

“…In this method, the enzyme is immobilized onto a carrier through formation of a covalent bond between the carrier and the enzyme. Functional groups of the enzyme, which participate in bond formation, are amino groups, carboxylic groups, phenolic groups, sulfhydryl groups, thiol groups, imidazole groups, indole groups and hydroxyl groups (Novick & Rozzell 2005). The immobilization can occur through covalent attachment via long spacer arms or multipoint attachment.…”

“…These molecules act as a bridge between the surface and the enzyme. The type of the linker is determined by the type of the carrier (carriers of inorganic materials, biopolymers or synthetic polymers) and immobilization protocols (Nguyen & Kim 2017).…”

Bioengineered Polyhydroxyalkanoates as Immobilized Enzyme Scaffolds for Industrial Applications

“…Therefore, it is paramount to develop cost-effective and pragmatic enzyme immobilization approaches for potential industrial applications Nguyen and Kim, 2017). In general, scaffolding-based enzyme immobilization strategies can be categorized into in vitro and in vivo approaches.…”