An overview of solar desalination for domestic and agriculture water needs in remote arid areas

Desalination techniques — A review of the opportunities for desalination in agriculture

“…As the product water is mixed with the draw solution, for agricultural uses the draw material must be of benefit in the final desalted water. Initial results suggest that 1 kg of fertilizer can extract 11-29 L of water from a seawater feed, with potassium chloride, sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate performing best of the nine compounds tested [8,15,[20][21][22]. …”

A strategic framework for improving food security in Arab countries

“…Today approximately 85% of all abstracted surface water and groundwater in Arab countries is already used for irrigation, and this number must decrease. Although some advances have been made, creating new water for large-scale irrigation using desalination is not yet economically viable for most agricultural activities (Beltrán et al 2004;Chaibi 2000;Medina 2004;Veza 2004). The use of treated wastewater to irrigate food crops can also be problematic, because it often encounters public resistance, although this is changing (World Bank 2007a, b).…”

Humidification–dehumidification desalination process driven by photovoltaic thermal energy recovery (PV-HDH) for small-scale sustainable water and power production

“…The humidified air is then passed through a condenser (or dehumidifier) to condense out part of the air humidity as distillate. HDH cycle is preceded by the solar still technology, as a direct solar desalination technology where only heat (and not electricity) is obtained from solar radiation [4][5][6]. Some theoretical and experimental analyses have shown the suitability of solar stills for sustainable water production [7][8][9].…”