An Overview of Sexual Trauma in the U.S. Military

Lofgreen, Ashton M.; Carroll, Kathryn K.; Dugan, Sheila A.; Karnik, Niranjan S.

doi:10.1176/appi.focus.20170024

Cited by 25 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…VA estimates indicate that approximately one in four female veterans and one in one hundred male veterans endorse experiencing MST, although prevalence estimates in the literature vary based on study methodology (Bostock and Daley, 2007; Hunter, 2007; Kimerling et al, 2007; Klingensmith et al, 2014). The experience of MST has been associated with a number of adverse mental and physical health problems, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and anxiety, as well as other mental and physical health problems (see Lofgreen et al, 2017 for review).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Negative posttraumatic cognitions among military sexual trauma survivors

Carroll

Lofgreen

Weaver

et al. 2018

Journal of Affective Disorders

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Negative posttraumatic cognitions among military sexual trauma survivors

Carroll

Lofgreen

Weaver

et al. 2018

Journal of Affective Disorders

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“…Thus, the definition of institutional betrayal is reminiscent of the moral injury field's definition of betrayal, i.e., “betrayal of what's right in a high stakes situation by a trusted authority figure ” ( 2 , 42 ). Consequently, MST may be a prototypical example of several key facets of both institutional betrayal and moral injury betrayal: failure to protect service members dependent on the military, disruption of belongingness in a close community by interpersonal violence, and institutional priorities that run counter to prosecuting sex crimes ( 43 ). In a sample of 49 male and female veterans, the majority perceived their MST as involving institutional betrayal and, notably, perceptions of institutional betrayal significantly predicted PTSD and depressive symptoms ( 44 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of Moral Injury Following Military Sexual Trauma and Combat in Post-9/11 U.S. War Veterans

et al. 2018

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Objective: Moral injury may result from perpetration-based and betrayal-based acts that violate deeply held norms; however, researchers and clinicians have little guidance about the moral injury syndrome's specific developmental pathways following morally injurious events. The present study's objective was to examine the direct and indirect pathways proposed in a frequently cited model of moral injury (1) in relation to two types of military-related traumas [experiencing military sexual trauma (MST) and combat exposure].Methods: Secondary analyses were conducted within a sample of post-9/11 veterans at a Southwestern Veterans Health Care System (N = 310) across two time-points. Structural equation modeling tested the direct and indirect pathways from MST and combat to a PTSD-depression factor via betrayal, perpetration, guilt, and shame.Results: Betrayal accounted for the association between MST and PTSD-depression (β = 0.10, p < 0.01, 95% CI = 0.01 − 0.11) and perpetration accounted for the association between combat and PTSD-depression (β = 0.07, p < 0.05, 95% CI = 0.02 − 0.14). The indirect path from combat to shame to PTSD-depression was significant (β = 0.16, p < 0.01, 95% CI = 0.07 − 0.28) but the path through guilt was not. The specific indirect paths through perpetration or betrayal to shame or guilt were non-significant.Conclusions: Betrayal and perpetration are associated with PTSD-depression following MST and combat. Results suggest multiple pathways of moral injury development following different military traumas and morally injurious events. Implications for moral injury conceptualization and treatment are discussed.

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“…There are associations that have been found between female veterans who scored positively on an MST screen and the development of liver disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder. 17 There are further epidemiological associations between male veterans who have a history of MST and increased rates of HIV. Moreover, patients with a history of MST tend to have myriad systemic complaints, ranging from pelvic pain and reproductive cycle irregularities to fatigue, hypothyroidism, gastrointestinal disturbances, back pain, and headaches.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, patients with a history of MST tend to have myriad systemic complaints, ranging from pelvic pain and reproductive cycle irregularities to fatigue, hypothyroidism, gastrointestinal disturbances, back pain, and headaches. 17…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Military Sexual Trauma: An Update for Nurse Practitioners

Kameg¹,

Fradkin²

2021

The Journal for Nurse Practitioners

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Military sexual trauma (MST) is a pervasive and insidious problem among military personnel. MST is defined as sexual harassment or sexual assault that occurs during ones' time in military service. Due to the physical, mental, and psychosocial consequences of MST, all nurse practitioners (NPs) must be able to effectively identify survivors of MST, recognize and address health consequences of MST, and provide appropriate interventions and referrals for MST survivors. The purpose of this report is to provide an overview so that NPs are equipped to effectively care for MST survivors in both Veterans Health Administration (VHA) and non-VHA settings.

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An Overview of Sexual Trauma in the U.S. Military

Cited by 25 publications

References 75 publications

Negative posttraumatic cognitions among military sexual trauma survivors

Negative posttraumatic cognitions among military sexual trauma survivors

Mechanisms of Moral Injury Following Military Sexual Trauma and Combat in Post-9/11 U.S. War Veterans

Military Sexual Trauma: An Update for Nurse Practitioners

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