An overview of scale, pattern, process relationships in geomorphology: a remote sensing and GIS perspective

Walsh, Stephen J.; Butler, David; Malanson, George P.

doi:10.1016/s0169-555x(97)00057-3

Cited by 160 publications

(114 citation statements)

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“…The distribution and properties of sediments within ponds and along pond complexes is discussed by several authors (Gurnell, 1998; Walsh et al ., 1998; Meentemeyer and Butler, 1999; Bigler et al ., 2001; de Visscher et al ., 2014), though there is notable variability between studies. Beaver pond size will depend on the characteristics of the catchment, building material available, as well as the size of stream in which they occur (Butler and Malanson, 1995; de Visscher et al ., 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A common finding in previous studies is that larger ponds (by surface area) hold more sediment (Butler and Malanson, 1995; Walsh et al ., 1998; Giriat et al ., 2016). Herein, no matter where the ponds are located behind the sequence of 13 dams, larger ponds not only hold significantly more total sediment, but also hold more sediment per unit area.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sediment and nutrient storage in a beaver engineered wetland

Puttock

Graham

Carless

et al. 2018

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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Beavers, primarily through the building of dams, can deliver significant geomorphic modifications and result in changes to nutrient and sediment fluxes. Research is required to understand the implications and possible benefits of widespread beaver reintroduction across Europe. This study surveyed sediment depth, extent and carbon/nitrogen content in a sequence of beaver pond and dam structures in South West England, where a pair of Eurasian beavers (Castor fiber) were introduced to a controlled 1.8 ha site in 2011. Results showed that the 13 beaver ponds subsequently created hold a total of 101.53 ± 16.24 t of sediment, equating to a normalised average of 71.40 ± 39.65 kg m2. The ponds also hold 15.90 ± 2.50 t of carbon and 0.91 ± 0.15 t of nitrogen within the accumulated pond sediment.The size of beaver pond appeared to be the main control over sediment storage, with larger ponds holding a greater mass of sediment per unit area. Furthermore, position within the site appeared to play a role with the upper‐middle ponds, nearest to the intensively‐farmed headwaters of the catchment, holding a greater amount of sediment. Carbon and nitrogen concentrations in ponds showed no clear trends, but were significantly higher than in stream bed sediment upstream of the site.We estimate that >70% of sediment in the ponds is sourced from the intensively managed grassland catchment upstream, with the remainder from in situ redistribution by beaver activity. While further research is required into the long‐term storage and nutrient cycling within beaver ponds, results indicate that beaver ponds may help to mitigate the negative off‐site impacts of accelerated soil erosion and diffuse pollution from agriculturally dominated landscapes such as the intensively managed grassland in this study. © 2018 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sediment and nutrient storage in a beaver engineered wetland

Puttock

Graham

Carless

et al. 2018

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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“…A strong motivation for developing downscaling methods has been the need to deal with environmental impacts at different spatial scales (see Turner, 1989;Walsh et al, 1998). This issue is especially relevant in predictive geomorphological mapping, as increasing emphasis is placed on investigating regional to global scale land surface processes using remote sensing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The spatial scale on which predictive geomorphological modelling is undertaken is of fundamental importance for the results and inferences of geomorphological studies (de Boer 1992;Walsh et al, 1998;Hjort and Luoto, 2006). As early as the 1970s, Kennedy (1977) proposed that establishing geomorphological theory necessitates developing and understanding the rules linking process and form at different temporal and spatial scales, and Mark (1980) argued that recognizing the scale-based dichotomy of small-scale processes and large-scale landforms is essential to further advances in linking process and form.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Downscaling of coarse‐grained geomorphological data

Luoto

Hjort

2007

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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One of the basic limitations to the use of geomorphological maps is their coarse resolution relative to the needs of pure and applied geomorphological research. In response to this, attempts have been made to 'downscale' geomorphological information to finer spatial resolutions. However, the potential of statistical downscaling in geomorphology has been insufficiently examined. We downscaled four different periglacial features (wind deflation, palsa mire, earth hummock and sorted solifluction sheet) from a 100 ha grid to a 1 ha grid resolution utilizing two different techniques: point sampling (PSA) and direct (DA) approaches. We assessed the predictive accuracy of the models with the area under the curve (AUC) of a receiver operating characteristic plot using independent evaluation data. The PSA technique yielded encouraging results with a mean accuracy of 0·81, whereas the performance of DA was poorer. The predictive performance of the palsa mire and solifluction sheet models was excellent (AUC values from 0·89 to 0·96), whereas the AUC values of deflation and earth hummock models were lower (AUC = = = = = 0·57-0·81). The application of a point sampling approach as used here provides an efficient method to translate geomorphological information to finer resolution. However, further testing of the downscaling approaches is required before they can be applied to real-world situations.

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“…GIS and remote sensing were applied to aquatic botany in conjunction with simulation models (Caloz and Collet, 1997). The scale, pattern, and process relationships in the fluvial and alpine environments were studied by means of optical and microwave remote sensing systems and GIS (Walsh et al, 1998). GIS was employed to improve landscape classifications, which might be useful for climate, socio-economic, or biodiversity modellers (Lioubimtseva and Defourny, 1999).…”

Section: Earth Surface Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%