An overview of pyrethroid insecticides

Gajendiran, Anudurga; Abraham, Jayanthi

doi:10.1007/s11515-018-1489-z

Cited by 65 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Endosulfan is one of the representative chemical compounds of organochlorine [2]. Pyrethroids are group of synthetic organic pesticides that are similar in structure to natural insecticide produced by flower species of Chrysanthum plant [4]. Cypermethrin belongs to alpha cyano-group and are primarily used for agricultural purposes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Worldwide, most of the organochlorine pesticides were banned due to their neurotoxic effects and tendency to persist in the environment for years [3]. Pyrethroids are group of synthetic organic pesticides that are similar in structure to natural insecticide produced by flower species of Chrysanthum plant [4]. They are axonic excitotoxins that damage the voltage dependent sodium channels of the cellular organisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of an Organochlorine and Pyrethroid Pesticide Formulation on Soil’s Culturable Microbial Population

Aborisade¹,

Atuanya²

2020

IJTRS

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Non-target effect of pesticide on soil organisms is an important area of ecotoxicology, due to their roles in ecosystem sustainability. Thus, the effects of an organochlorine (endosulfan) and a synthetic pyrethroid (cypermethrin) pesticide formulation on soils' culturable microbial population were investigated. The study was carried out on loamy sand soil sample types collected from Ondo State, Forest Reserve, Owena, Nigeria. Pesticide application rates in the range of half of the normal field rate (0.5FR), the normal field rate (FR), two times the normal field rate (2FR), four times the normal field rate (4FR) and eight times the normal field rate (8FR) were applied to the soil microcosm design in the laboratory; while the untreated soil serve as control. The experiment set up was completely randomized in three replicates and soil samples were collected from each of the set up at 5 days interval over 35 days period of exposure for analysis. The pour plate technique was used for the enumeration of bacterial and fungal colonies on nutrient agar and potato dextrose agar respectively. The results indicated that both pesticides had effects on the population of bacterial and fungal counts of the soil samples with significant (p < 0.05) adverse effect observed at the treatment rate above the normal field application rate. At lower application rates (0.5FR, FR and 2FR), temporary inhibitory effect on bacterial and fungal population were observed. The progressive increase in inhibitory effect with corresponding increase in concentration of endosulfan and cypermethrin were noticed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of an Organochlorine and Pyrethroid Pesticide Formulation on Soil’s Culturable Microbial Population

Aborisade¹,

Atuanya²

2020

IJTRS

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“…The routes of degradation of pyrethroids may be abiotic (hydrolysis, photolysis, and oxidation) or mediated by bacteria and fungi. Pyrethroids degradation by microorganisms and fungi have been studied in soils [63,64]. Various carboxylesterases may induce the degradation of pyrethroids; generally one gene exists in one pyrethroid-degrading microorganisms, with the exception of Ochrobactrum anthropi, that possesses two pyrethroids degrading genes [63].…”

Section: Pyrethroid Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fate of Pyrethroids in Freshwater and Marine Environments

Méjanelle¹,

Jara

Dachs

2020

The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry

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As a consequence of their increasing use, pyrethroid insecticides are recognized as a threat for nontarget species and ecosystem health. The present chapter gives a state-of-art overview of individual pyrethroid occurrence in waters and sediments worldwide, together with recent reports of their quantification in the atmospheric gas and aerosol phases. Degradation rates, transport processes, and partitioning of pyrethroids between environmental phases are reviewed. River flow efficiently transports pyrethroids to river mouths and estuaries, while pyrethroid

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“…The pyrethroids are synthetic analogues of pyrethrins, class of organic compounds normally derived from Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium that act by targeting the nervous systems of insects by blocking sodium channels hence affecting nerve conduction. 3 The toxicity of pyrethroids is 2,500 times higher in insects than mammals. 4 Transfluthrin, a type I pyrethroid, is a fast-acting pyrethroid insecticide with low persistence and is used very effectively against flies, mosquitoes, moths, and cockroaches in indoor environments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 The compound upon oral ingestion, shows high accumulation in liver and kidney. 3,6 According to World Health Organization (WHO), transfluthrins are considered as substances of low toxicity and there are no report on adverse health effect and acute toxicity of this compound. 7 However, several studies on animals have shown potential detrimental effects on neurodevelopment, reproduction, and immune system after exposure to some pyrethroids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to Mosquito Repellents Causes Profound Development Defects and Induces Oxidative Stress in Zebrafish

Prabhakara

Nanjappa

Babu

et al. 2020

Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU

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Objective The study was designed to investigate the effects of commercially available mosquito repellents on embryonic development of zebrafish. Materials and Methods Transfluthrin is a type I pyrethroid present in all commercial mosquito and insect repellents. Pyrethrins are neurotoxins that target the nervous system of insects. Three popular brands of liquid vaporizer repellents coded as compound A, B, and C that contained transfluthrin, ranging from 0.88 to 1.6% w/w, were used in this study. The effects of these compounds on the embryonic development of zebrafish were investigated. In addition, the ability of transfluthrin to induce oxidative stress was examined by analyzing the generation of reactive oxygen species in exposed embryos. Results The exposure to mosquito repellents resulted in extensive morphological defects in zebrafish embryos. The severity of the anomalies correlated with the concentration of transfluthrin in the repellents. Exposure to pure transfluthrin generated high levels of reactive oxygen species in zebrafish embryos, suggesting the induction of oxidative stress. Conclusion Liquid vaporizer repellents are generally used for control of mosquitos and are common in many households. This study demonstrated that its exposure to mosquito repellents causes severe morphological defects and embryonic lethality in zebrafish. The study also showed that transfluthrin, the active insecticide in these repellents, induces oxidative stress in zebrafish.

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An overview of pyrethroid insecticides

Cited by 65 publications

References 50 publications

Effects of an Organochlorine and Pyrethroid Pesticide Formulation on Soil’s Culturable Microbial Population

Effects of an Organochlorine and Pyrethroid Pesticide Formulation on Soil’s Culturable Microbial Population

Fate of Pyrethroids in Freshwater and Marine Environments

Exposure to Mosquito Repellents Causes Profound Development Defects and Induces Oxidative Stress in Zebrafish

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