An overview of physical and chemical features of diesel exhaust particles

Wang, Xiaochen; Wang, Ying; Bai, Yuanqi; Wang, Peng; Zhao, Yuhong

doi:10.1016/j.joei.2018.11.006

Cited by 101 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 144 publications

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“…In compression ignition engines, soot is mainly formed by the partial oxidation and pyrolysis of the evaporate fuel under high-temperature and anoxic conditions. 51 On the one hand, the atomization and evaporation performance of the blends are improved by the lower viscosity and surface tension of n -butanol. As such, the anoxic region of over-rich mixture reduces, and less soot is produced.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiesel/butanol blends as a pure biofuel excluding fossil fuels: Effects on diesel engine combustion, performance, and emission characteristics

Huang

Luo

et al. 2020

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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Although both biodiesel and n-butanol are excellent renewable biofuels, most of the existing research works merely use them as the additives for petroleum diesel. As the main fuel properties of biodiesel and n-butanol are complementary, the biodiesel/ n-butanol blends are promising to be a pure biomass-based substitute for diesel fuel. In this paper, the application of the biodiesel/ n-butanol blends on an agricultural diesel engine was comprehensively investigated, in terms of the combustion, performance, and emission characteristics. First, the biodiesel/ n-butanol blends with 10%, 20%, and 30% n-butanol by weight were prepared and noted as BBu10 (10 wt% n-butanol + 90 wt% biodiesel), BBu20 (20 wt% n-butanol + 80 wt% biodiesel), and BBu30 (30 wt% n-butanol + 70 wt% biodiesel). It was found that adding 30 wt% n-butanol to biodiesel can reduce the viscosity by 39.3% and increase the latent heat of vaporization by 57.3%. Then the engine test results showed that with the addition of n-butanol to biodiesel, the peak values of the cylinder pressure and temperature of the biodiesel/ n-butanol blends were slightly decreased, the peak values of the pressure rise rate and heat release rate of the blends were increased, the fuel ignition was delayed, and the combustion duration was shortened. BBu20 has the approximate ignition characteristics with diesel fuel. Both the brake thermal efficiency and the brake-specific fuel consumption of BBu30 were increased by the average percentages of 2.7% and 14.9%, while NO x, soot, and CO emissions of BBu30 were reduced by the average percentages of 17.6%, 34.1%, and 15.4%, compared to biodiesel. The above variations became more evident as the n-butanol proportion increased.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiesel/butanol blends as a pure biofuel excluding fossil fuels: Effects on diesel engine combustion, performance, and emission characteristics

Huang

Luo

et al. 2020

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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“…Experimental aerosol exposure of mice demonstrated reduced respiration and increased hydrogen peroxide production by pulmonary macrophages. [ 53,54 ] The particle itself induces oxidative stress, for example, silica nanoparticles without any adherent chemicals induces oxidative stress in vitro with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, [ 55 ] and DEPs usually are accompanied by metals (Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Zn) and volatile organics, [ 56 ] which can further enhance oxidative stress and inflammation.…”

Section: Diesel Exhaust Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility to COVID‐19 in populations with health disparities: Posited involvement of mitochondrial disorder, socioeconomic stress, and pollutants

Yao

Lawrence

2020

J Biochem & Molecular Tox

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SARS‐CoV‐2 is a novel betacoronavirus that has caused the global health crisis known as COVID‐19. The implications of mitochondrial dysfunction with COVID‐19 are discussed as well as deregulated mitochondria and inter‐organelle functions as a posited comorbidity enhancing detrimental outcomes. Many environmental chemicals (ECs) and endocrine‐disrupting chemicals can do damage to mitochondria and cause mitochondrial dysfunction. During infection, SARS‐CoV‐2 via its binding target ACE2 and TMPRSS2 can disrupt mitochondrial function. Viral genomic RNA and structural proteins may also affect the normal function of the mitochondria‐endoplasmic reticulum‐Golgi apparatus. Drugs considered for treatment of COVID‐19 should consider effects on organelles including mitochondria functions. Mitochondrial self‐balance and clearance via mitophagy are important in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, which indicate monitoring and protection of mitochondria against SARS‐CoV‐2 are important. Mitochondrial metabolomic analysis may provide new indicators of COVID‐19 prognosis. A better understanding of the role of mitochondria during SARS‐CoV‐2 infection may help to improve intervention therapies and better protect mitochondrial disease patients from pathogens as well as people living with poor nutrition and elevated levels of socioeconomic stress and ECs.

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“…It has often been used for studies on combustion processes with biofuels [23], or various additions to diesel oil such as rape methyl esters [24] or ethyl-tert-butyl ether [25]. Other studies have used it for emission analysis, for example, for neat mahua oil biodiesel blended with different proportions of octanol [26] or focused on the chemical features of diesel exhaust particles [27]. Technical characteristics of the engine installed in the examined test bed are shown in Table 1.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repeatability of High-Pressure Measurement in a Diesel Engine Test Bed

Skrzek

Rucki

Górski

et al. 2020

Sensors

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This paper addresses the issue of metrological accuracy of instantaneous in-cylinder pressure measurement in a diesel engine test bed. In studies, the central unit has been the single-cylinder AVL 5402 engine. The pressure measurement was performed with a sensor designed for thermodynamic analysis, and the results were related to the crank angle, where two rotations corresponding to the four-stroke working cycle were denoted as angles between −360° and +360°. The novelty of this paper is the proposition of how to perform a type A uncertainty estimation of the in-cylinder pressure measurement and to assess its repeatability. It was demonstrated that repeatability of the measurement during the ignition process was difficult to estimate because of the phenomena that cannot ensure the repeatability conditions. To solve the problem, two methods were proposed. In one method, the pressure was measured in the subsequent cycles immediately after the ignition was turned off, and in another method, the engine was driven by a starter. The latter method provided maximal pressure values much lower than during usual tests. The obtained repeatability of measured pressure was %EV = 0.4%, which proved high capability of the evaluated measurement system.

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An overview of physical and chemical features of diesel exhaust particles

Cited by 101 publications

References 144 publications

Biodiesel/butanol blends as a pure biofuel excluding fossil fuels: Effects on diesel engine combustion, performance, and emission characteristics

Biodiesel/butanol blends as a pure biofuel excluding fossil fuels: Effects on diesel engine combustion, performance, and emission characteristics

Susceptibility to COVID‐19 in populations with health disparities: Posited involvement of mitochondrial disorder, socioeconomic stress, and pollutants

Repeatability of High-Pressure Measurement in a Diesel Engine Test Bed

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