An overview of obesity mechanisms in humans: Endocrine regulation of food intake, eating behaviour and common determinants of body weight

Theilade, Simone; Christensen, Mikkel B.; Vilsbøll, Tina; Knop, Filip K.

doi:10.1111/dom.14270

Cited by 34 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 226 publications

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“…The arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, a central organ for regulating energy balance, has a range of receptors for appetite-regulating hormones and neurotransmitters. Leptin, insulin, ghrelin, cholecystokinin, and glucagon-like peptide-1 modulate the activation of orexigenic neurons and anorexigenic neurons of the hypothalamus [31]. When the hunger center is activated, food intake increases and energy expenditure decreases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between Polygenic Risk Scores, Dietary Pattern, and Menarche Age with the Obesity Risk in a Large Hospital-Based Cohort

et al. 2021

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Obese Asians are more susceptible to metabolic diseases than obese Caucasians of the same body mass index (BMI). We hypothesized that the genetic variants associated with obesity risk interact with the lifestyles of middle-aged and elderly adults, possibly allowing the development of personalized interventions based on genotype. We aimed to examine this hypothesis in a large city hospital-based cohort in Korea. The participants with cancers, thyroid diseases, chronic kidney disease, or brain-related diseases were excluded. The participants were divided into case and control according to their BMI: ≥25 kg/m2 (case; n = 17,545) and <25 kg/m2 (control; n = 36,283). The genetic variants that affected obesity risk were selected using a genome-wide association study, and the genetic variants that interacted with each other were identified by generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction analysis. The selected genetic variants were confirmed in the Ansan/Ansung cohort, and polygenetic risk scores (PRS)−nutrient interactions for obesity risk were determined. A high BMI was associated with a high-fat mass (odds ratio (OR) = 20.71) and a high skeletal muscle-mass index (OR = 3.38). A high BMI was positively related to metabolic syndrome and its components, including lipid profiles, whereas the initial menstruation age was inversely associated with a high BMI (OR = 0.78). The best model with 5-SNPs included SEC16B_rs543874, DNAJC27_rs713586, BDNF_rs6265, MC4R_rs6567160, and GIPR_rs1444988703. The high PRS with the 5-SNP model was positively associated with an obesity risk of 1.629 (1.475–1.798) after adjusting for the covariates. The 5-SNP model interacted with the initial menstruation age, fried foods, and plant-based diet for BMI risk. The participants with a high PRS also had a higher obesity risk when combined with early menarche, low plant-based diet, and a high fried-food intake than in participants with late menarche, high plant-based diet, and low fried-food intake. In conclusion, people with a high PRS and earlier menarche age are recommended to consume fewer fried foods and a more plant-based diet to decrease obesity risk. This result can be applied to personalized nutrition for preventing obesity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between Polygenic Risk Scores, Dietary Pattern, and Menarche Age with the Obesity Risk in a Large Hospital-Based Cohort

et al. 2021

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“…Adaptive responses to perturbations in body fat mass involve changes in the activity of NPY/AgRP and POMC/CART neurons in the ARC. Feeding a HFD produces a decrease in the expression of hypothalamic NPY and AgRP [ 7 , 51 ]. By contrast, restriction increases the expression of NPY/AgRP [ 52 ] and decreases the POMC/CART [ 53 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Body weight is regulated by complex homeostatic mechanisms that include interactions between peripheral organs and the central nervous system [ 7 ]. In the hypothalamus, the arcuate nucleus (ARC) constitutes one of the main regulatory feeding centers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caloric Restriction Prevents Metabolic Dysfunction and the Changes in Hypothalamic Neuropeptides Associated with Obesity Independently of Dietary Fat Content in Rats

et al. 2021

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Energy restriction is a first therapy in the treatment of obesity, but the underlying biological mechanisms have not been completely clarified. We analyzed the effects of restriction of high-fat diet (HFD) on weight loss, circulating gut hormone levels and expression of hypothalamic neuropeptides. Ten-week-old male Wistar rats (n = 40) were randomly distributed into four groups: two fed ad libitum a normal diet (ND) (N group) or a HFD (H group) and two subjected to a 25% caloric restriction of ND (NR group) or HFD (HR group) for 9 weeks. A 25% restriction of HFD over 9 weeks leads to a 36% weight loss with regard to the group fed HFD ad libitum accompanied by normal values in adiposity index and food efficiency ratio (FER). This restriction also carried the normalization of NPY, AgRP and POMC hypothalamic mRNA expression, without changes in CART. Caloric restriction did not succeed in improving glucose homeostasis but reduced HFD-induced hyperinsulinemia. In conclusion, 25% restriction of HFD reduced adiposity and improved metabolism in experimental obesity, without changes in glycemia. Restriction of the HFD triggered the normalization of hypothalamic NPY, AgRP and POMC expression, as well as ghrelin and leptin levels.

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“…The central nervous system can regulate appetite, satiety, food intake, and metabolism by regulating the neuroendocrine system, and ultimately achieve the regulation of energy balance. The neuroendocrine system consists of numerous brains, intestinal, pancreatic, and adipose tissue hormones that bind to receptors in the peripheral and central nervous systems, especially in the hypothalamus and thalamus [21].…”

Section: Regulation Of Central Nervous Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Progress of Vestibular Stimulation Regulating Hypothalamus on Obesity

Ding¹,

Li²,

Shan³

2022

HSET

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In recent years, the number of obese people in China has increased rapidly, which seriously affects the quality of civil health. In addition to the improvement of living habits, effective intervention measures are urgently needed to prevent and reduce obesity. Vestibular stimulation, as a non-invasive therapy, may improve the conditions of obesity by affecting the hypothalamus. This paper focuses on the causes of obesity and the possible mechanism of vestibular stimulation affecting obesity, aiming to provide new insights into the treatment of obesity.

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An overview of obesity mechanisms in humans: Endocrine regulation of food intake, eating behaviour and common determinants of body weight

Cited by 34 publications

References 226 publications

Interactions between Polygenic Risk Scores, Dietary Pattern, and Menarche Age with the Obesity Risk in a Large Hospital-Based Cohort

Interactions between Polygenic Risk Scores, Dietary Pattern, and Menarche Age with the Obesity Risk in a Large Hospital-Based Cohort

Caloric Restriction Prevents Metabolic Dysfunction and the Changes in Hypothalamic Neuropeptides Associated with Obesity Independently of Dietary Fat Content in Rats

Research Progress of Vestibular Stimulation Regulating Hypothalamus on Obesity

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