An overview of methods of fine and ultrafine particle collection for physicochemical characterisation and toxicity assessments

Kumar, Prashant; Kalaiarasan, Gopinath; Porter, Alexandra E.; Pinna, Alessandra; Kłosowski, Michał M.; Demokritou, Philip; Chung, Kian Fan; Pain, Christopher C.; Arvind, D. K.; Arcucci, Rossella; Adcock, Ian M.; Dilliway, Claire

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143553

Cited by 67 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 202 publications

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“…Despite these advantages, the FDM‐3D printer serves as a primary source for the emission of ultrafine and fine particles from the process of melting the filament, and thus, may cause health problems among occupants 4 . Fine particles are substances with a particle diameter of less than 2.5 μm, while ultrafine particle are substances with a particle diameter of 0.1 μm (i.e., 100 nm) or less 5 . Because ultrafine and fine particles have very small diameters, they can be suspended in the air for a long time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of ways to reduce potential health risk from ultrafine and fine particles emitted from 3D printers in the makerspace

et al. 2022

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The maker culture that allows anyone to make necessary things with his/her own hands has been prevalent. In line with this trend, the makerspace equipped with fabrication tools such as 3D printers, 3D scanners, and laser cutters has spread worldwide. 1 In particular, this spread has been accelerated with the expiration of a patent for the fused deposition modeling (FDM)-3D printer. The FDM-3D printer is the most commonly used device in the makerspace due to the initial purchase cost and material cost reductions as it melts the filament to produce stacked layers. 2,3 Despite these advantages, the FDM-3D printer serves as a primary source for the emission of ultrafine and fine particles from the process of melting the filament, and thus, may cause health problems among occupants. 4 Fine particles are substances with a particle diameter of less than 2.5 μm, while ultrafine particle are substances with a particle diameter of 0.1 μm (i.e., 100 nm) or less. 5 Because ultrafine and fine particles have very small diameters, they can be suspended in the air for a long time. In general, fine particles with a diameter of 1~10 μm are deposited in the bronchial tubes, and ultrafine particles with a diameter of less than 100 nm can be deposited in the alveoli, including the bronchi. While short-term exposure

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of ways to reduce potential health risk from ultrafine and fine particles emitted from 3D printers in the makerspace

et al. 2022

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“…However, unfortunately, the current literature about the properties of PMs is not rich enough as required. For instance, the latest review papers in 2020-2021 [19][20][21][22], as was mentioned in their Abstracts and Conclusions, reveal that further studies are still required to investigate the properties of PMs emitted from the transportation fleets, particularly diesel vehicles and diesel particulate filters (DPFs), for enriching our knowledge on them to find some suitable solutions to combat their negative impacts on human health and the environment. The current ongoing projects (2019-2024) in the world with noticeable funds (five projects from European countries [23], among others, are listed in Table 2 as examples) also show that air pollution, particularly PM, is one of the hot, important, and urgent topics in the fields of human health and the environment, even in the clean areas as the exampled European countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Vehicle Light on Physical Properties of Particulate Matters Emitted from Vehicles

Ghadikolaei

Wong

Chen

et al. 2022

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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Gasoline and diesel vehicles are one of the main sources of PMs generation which are harmful to human health and the environment. The light emitted from the headlights of these vehicles may cause to make the PMs more/less/not dangerous than the raw PMs to human health and the environment by changing their properties. However, there is no information available in this field. Therefore, this research is presented to investigate the effect of light emitted from one of the most common vehicle headlights (Halogen type) on the physical properties of PMs. Three PM samples taken directly from one diesel vehicle operating at an idle condition, and inside of a diesel particulate filter and gasoline vehicle exhaust pipe (engine was off) were exposed to the vehicle headlight for 6 hrs at 10 cm distance. It is observed that the vehicle light has the potential to change the structure, shape, and size of the PMs, while the fresh PMs from diesel vehicle receives more changes (43.5% increase in particle diameter) compared with the other two samples containing mature/aged PMs (increases of 3.6 and 9.9%, respectively). Also, the effect of the beam from the scanning electron microscope on the PM physical properties is presented.

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“…However, classification on physicochemical parameters might be rather difficult; therefore, the general method to group PM is based on diameter such as coarse PM < 10 μm (PM10), fine PM < 2.5 μm (PM2.5), and ultrafine PM < 0.01 μm (PM0.1) [2]. While limit values exist for PM10 and PM2.5 fractions in Europe, the significance of ultrafine particles (≤ 0.1 μm, PM0.1) has increased as they pose higher environmental risk [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of urban atmospheric particulate matter on higher plants using Lycopersicon esculentum as model species

2021

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Atmospheric particulate matter (PM) is one of the major environmental concerns in Europe. A wide range of studies has proved the ecotoxic potential of atmospheric particles. PM exerts chemical stress on vegetation by its potentially toxic constituents; however, relatively few studies are available on assessing phytotoxic effects under laboratory conditions. In our study, aqueous extract of particulate matter was prepared and used for treatment. Experiment was following the procedure defined by the No. 227 OECD Guideline for the Testing of Chemicals: Terrestrial Plant Test. Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) plants were used; elucidated toxicity was assessed based on morphological and biochemical endpoints such as biomass, chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b, carotenoids, and protein content. Biomass reduction and protein content showed a clear dose–effect relationship; the biomass decreased in comparison with the control (100%) in all test groups (TG) at a steady rate (TG1: 87.73%; TG2: 71.77%; TG3: 67.01%; TG4: 63.63%). The tendency in protein concentrations compared to the control was TG1: 113.61%; TG2: 148.21% TG3: 160.52%; TG4: 157.31%. However, pigments showed a ‘Janus-faced’ effect: nutrient content of the sample caused slight increase at lower doses; actual toxicity became apparent only at higher doses (chlorophyll-a concentration decrease was 84.47% in TG4, chlorophyll-b was 77.17%, and finally, carotene showed 83.60% decrease in TG4).

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An overview of methods of fine and ultrafine particle collection for physicochemical characterisation and toxicity assessments

Cited by 67 publications

References 202 publications

Analysis of ways to reduce potential health risk from ultrafine and fine particles emitted from 3D printers in the makerspace

Analysis of ways to reduce potential health risk from ultrafine and fine particles emitted from 3D printers in the makerspace

Impact of Vehicle Light on Physical Properties of Particulate Matters Emitted from Vehicles

Effects of urban atmospheric particulate matter on higher plants using Lycopersicon esculentum as model species

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