An overview of mast cell pattern recognition receptors

Agier, Justyna; Pastwińska, Joanna; Brzezińska‐Błaszczyk, Ewa

doi:10.1007/s00011-018-1164-5

Cited by 71 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…Of importance for the control of gastrointestinal disease is the recently identified IgG signalling via FcγRIIb, which suppresses a hypersensitivity reaction [18]. As innate immune sentinels, mast cells recognise microbial agents (bacterial, viral, parasitic and fungal) and endogenous factors derived from cell damage by germline-encoded pattern recognition receptors, which include toll-like receptors (TLRs), C-type lectin-like receptors (CLRs), retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs) and nucleotide-binding oligomerisation domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs) [19]. Importantly for homeostasis and for ensuring an appropriate response to injury, mast cells also respond to different endogenous stimuli since they express receptors for neurotransmitters (such as acetylcholine and serotonin), neuropeptides (such as substance P, SP and vasoactive intestinal peptide, VIP), neurotrophins (such as nerve growth factor, NGF) and gaseous neurotransmitters (such as nitric oxide, NO).…”

Section: Mast Cell Activationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal Mucosal Mast Cells: Key Modulators of Barrier Function and Homeostasis

Albert-Bayo

Paracuellos

González‐Castro

et al. 2019

Cells

139

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The gastrointestinal tract harbours the largest population of mast cells in the body; this highly specialised leukocyte cell type is able to adapt its phenotype and function to the microenvironment in which it resides. Mast cells react to external and internal stimuli thanks to the variety of receptors they express, and carry out effector and regulatory tasks by means of the mediators of different natures they produce. Mast cells are fundamental elements of the intestinal barrier as they regulate epithelial function and integrity, modulate both innate and adaptive mucosal immunity, and maintain neuro-immune interactions, which are key to functioning of the gut. Disruption of the intestinal barrier is associated with increased passage of luminal antigens into the mucosa, which further facilitates mucosal mast cell activation, inflammatory responses, and altered mast cell–enteric nerve interaction. Despite intensive research showing gut dysfunction to be associated with increased intestinal permeability and mucosal mast cell activation, the specific mechanisms linking mast cell activity with altered intestinal barrier in human disease remain unclear. This review describes the role played by mast cells in control of the intestinal mucosal barrier and their contribution to digestive diseases.

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Section: Mast Cell Activationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal Mucosal Mast Cells: Key Modulators of Barrier Function and Homeostasis

Albert-Bayo

Paracuellos

González‐Castro

et al. 2019

Cells

139

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“…The leading families of PRRs are Toll-like receptors (TLRs), Ctype lectin (CLEC)-like receptors, retinoic acid-inducible gene 1 (RIG-I)-like receptors, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors, cytosolic DNA sensors, and inflammasomes. The interplay between these recognition molecule families ensures the efficient coordination of innate immune responses, either through synergistic or cooperative signaling [26] , and in Candida. They are located in the cellular membrane (TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, and TLR6) and in intracellular membranes (TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9), recognizing both PAMPs at the cell surface or in the cytosol, respectively.…”

Section: Hyperinflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune response in bacterial and Candida sepsis

Patricio

Paiva

Borrego³

2019

EuJMI

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Sepsis leads to a systemic immune response, and despite the progress of modern medicine, it is still responsible for a high mortality rate. The immune response to sepsis is dependent on the innate and adaptive immune systems. The first line is the innate system, which requires complex and multiple pathways in order to eliminate the invading threats. The adaptive responses start after the innate response. The cell-mediated arm of CD4+ and CD8+ T and B cells is the main responsible for this response. A coordinated cytokine response is essential for the host immune response. A dysregulated response can lead to a hyperinflammatory condition (cytokine storm). This hyperinflammation leads to neutrophils activation and may also lead to organ dysfunction. An imbalance of this response can increase the anti-inflammatory response, leading to compensatory anti-inflammatory response syndrome (CARS), persistent inflammation-immunsupression, catabolism syndrome (PICS), and, above all, an immune paralysis stat. This immune paralysis leads to opportunistic infections, Candida species being one of the emerging microorganisms involved. The host immune response is different for bacterial or Candida sepsis. Immune responses for bacterial and Candida sepsis are described in this paper.

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“…They are strategically placed at the junction point of the host and external environment; therefore, they belong to the first immune cells, which encounter pathogens, therein viruses [1]. MCs recognize the viral products through the multiplicity of cell surface/intracellular receptors, i.e., TLR3, TLR7, TLR9, and RIG-I-like molecule, which have the capacity to the detection of virus-derived molecular patterns [9]. TLR3 mainly responds to dsRNA from the viral genome presented extracellularly; TLR7 and TLR9 recognize viral ssRNA and unmethylated CpG motifs within DNA, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The best-described receptors in MCs are Toll-like receptors (TLRs) activated by different pathogen-and damageassociated molecular patterns. So far, only a handful of studies indicate that MCs express C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) specialized in antifungal defense, NOD-like receptors (NLRs) detecting bacterial peptidoglycans, and RIG-like receptors (RLRs) relevant in viral sensing [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Response of Tissue Mast Cells to TLR3 Ligand Poly(I:C) Treatment

Witczak

Brzezińska‐Błaszczyk

Agier

2020

Journal of Immunology Research

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Mast cells (MCs) are found mainly at the anatomical sites exposed to the external environment; thus, they are localized close to blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and a multitude of immune cells. Moreover, those cells can recognize invading pathogens through a range of surface molecules known as pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs), mainly Toll-like receptors (TLRs). MCs are extensively engaged in the control and clearance of bacterial infections, but much less is known about their contribution to antiviral host response as well as pathomechanisms of virus-induced diseases. In the study, we employed in vivo differentiated mature tissue mast cells freshly isolated from rat peritoneal cavity. Here, we demonstrated that rat peritoneal mast cells (rPMCs) express viral dsRNA-specific TLR3 molecule (intracellularly and on the cell surface) as well as other proteins associated with cellular antiviral response: IRF3, type I and II IFN receptors, and MHC I. We found that exposure of rPMCs to viral dsRNA mimic, i.e., poly(I:C), induced transient upregulation of surface TLR3 (while temporarily decreased TLR3 intracellular expression), type II IFN receptor, and MHC I. TLR3 ligand-stimulated rPMCs did not degranulate but generated and/or released type I IFNs (IFN-α and IFNβ) as well as proinflammatory lipid mediators (cysLTs), cytokines (TNF, IL-1β), and chemokines (CCL3, CXCL8). We documented that rPMC priming with poly(I:C) did not affect FcεRI-dependent degranulation. However, their costimulation with TLR3 agonist and anti-IgE led to a significant increase in cysLT and TNF secretion. Our findings confirm that MCs may serve as active participants in the antiviral immune response. Presented data on modulated FcεRI-mediated MC secretion of mediators upon poly(I:C) treatment suggests that dsRNA-type virus infection could influence the severity of allergic reactions.

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An overview of mast cell pattern recognition receptors

Cited by 71 publications

References 78 publications

Intestinal Mucosal Mast Cells: Key Modulators of Barrier Function and Homeostasis

Intestinal Mucosal Mast Cells: Key Modulators of Barrier Function and Homeostasis

Immune response in bacterial and Candida sepsis

The Response of Tissue Mast Cells to TLR3 Ligand Poly(I:C) Treatment

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